The Roles Of SOCS2 On Development And Differentiation Of Neural Stem Cells From Rat Anterior Subventricular Zone

Neural stem cells (NSCs) exist widely in the mammalian central nervous system and posses the capability of self-renewing, self-duplication, and the potentiality of differentiating into various neural cells. It is believed that the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) which neighbouring the Lateral ventricle (LV) is one of the main areas where NSCs localized. The SVZa NSCs migrate continuously from SVZa to olfactory bulb (OB) and form a highly limited migratory pathway which is called rostral migratory stream (RMS). The SVZa NSCs can keep proliferation and progenitor states all along the RMS and no further differentiation can be seen until arriving at OB. The proliferation, migration and differentiation of SVZa NSCs are regulated not only by hereditary factor but also by kinds of cytokines (environmental factor).Cytokines are secreted polypeptides that take part in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and proliferation through their receptors and receptor mediating cytokine signal transduction pathways and have multiple effects on the biological processes of CNS. Among them, growth hormone (GH), erythropoietin (EPO), insulin and IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor) have been studied more in CNS. The effects of cytokines are also regulated by various factors mainly by the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SOCS proteins discovered recently can be induced by a wide range of cytokines including growth factors and hormone. They work as negative feedback regulators of cytokine signal pathways. SOCS proteins were primarily known as negative regulators of Janus-activated kinase (JAK) / signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. There are eight known members of the SOCS gene family (CIS and SOCS1-7) which are expressed in different tissues and induced by different groups of cytokines and regulate different JAK/STAT pathways. As a member of SOCS family, researchers show that SOCS2 mRNA is expressed in many tissues of embryonic and adult animals, especially in nervous system. SOCS2 was primarily known as a negative regulator of GH signaling which was found closely associated with insulin later. Recent studies showed that SOCS2...