| In clinical practice, infertility affects approximately 15 % of couples trying toconceive and a male cause is believed to be a sole or contributing factor inapproximately half of these cases. Currently, male infertility has been a world matter.Many factors are responsible for male infertility, including inner factor and exotericfactors. Researchers have attached importance to exoteric factors, physical factor,chemical factor, biological factors, and so on. Exoteric factors could act onhypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and weaken simulation on gonad, which couldinfluence on secretion of sex hormone and spermiogenesis. They could influence onepididymidis function and disturb sperm maturation, which would prohibit spermfrom maturation. They could also directly disturb epididymal sperm. They couldinfluence on Sertoli's cell and spermiogenesis. They make chromosomes of germ cellsimpaired or mutated, which would lead to sperm defection. Infection of exotericmicrobe could disturb transportation of sperm and affect male eugenesis.Sperm morphology may be considered as a marker for clinical evaluation ofinfertility in males. Now, This variable still be helpful when counselling patientsbefore they make the decision to proceed with in vitro fertilization(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-ET. It has been showed that spermmorphology analysis using strict criteria as a prognostic factor in intrauterineinsemination. Some researchers reported that there is a direct relationship betweensperm morphology and pregnancy rate. Accurate evaluation of normal spermmorphology results should be an integral part of evaluating the male factor. Theevaluation of sperm morphology by strict criteria is a simple, cost-effective methodand can be used to guide the clinician and scientist on a day-to-day basis to makesound clinical decisions. However, different methodologies for sperm morphologyassessment have remained controversial because of the lack of a universallyacceptable method. One drawback of attempts to classify sperm into morphologicalsubgroups as proposed by WHO is that each individual sperm is classified only oncebut may have several deformities. Tygerberg's strict criteria have been proposed tocorrelate with IVF outcome results. The use of an automatic computer semen analyzerhas reduced variability of manual method. It has been showed that Semiautomaticevaluation should be considered as the best solution for morphometrical sperm headanalysis computer systems.Although it is known that exoteric factors influence upon male eugenesis, therewas a little with respect to the report of effect of exoteric factors on spermmorphology. Teratozoospermic is an important characteristic of male infertility.Currently, to study effects of exoteric factor on sperm morphology is a researchfulmethod of mechanism of teratozoospermic. In the current study, several comparativestudies were carried out to clarify whether outer factors influence on the percentage ofsperm malformation or not. 1587 patients were studied. The sperm morphologyanalysis using semiautomated sperm morphology analyzer (ASMA) was performed.Patients voluntarily filled out a questionnaire in order to analyze exoteric factors,cigarette and alcohol consumption, sauna, and so on. To analyze Ureaplasmaurealyticum, the culture method was used. To analyze Chlamydia trachomatis,enzyme method was used. Virus and Toxoplasma gondii were detected by indirectELISA method. ELISA method was also used in measuring antisperm anbody. Theywere measured by corresponding reagent kit. To analyze leukocyte number of semen,the bengidine staining method was used. Results:The percentage of normal morphology sperm of smoking group was significantlylower than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentage of double head sperm inabnormally sperm morphology was markedly increased (P<0.05). The percentage ofnormal morphology sperm of smoking group was significantly lower than that ofnonsmoking group (P<0.01). The percentage of amorphous head sperm was markedlyincreased (P<0.01). There was a markedly negative relative between the percentage ofnormal morphology sperm and the years of smoking(r = –0.155, P<0.001).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of drinking group was significantlylower than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentage of normal morphologysperm of drinking group was significantly lower than that of non-drinking group(P<0.01). There was a markedly negative relative between the percentage of normalmorphology sperm and the alcohol intake of per day(r= –0.146, P<0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of smoking and drinking groupwas significantly lower than that of univariate smoking or drinking group (P<0.01).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of sauna group was significantlylower than that of fertile group (P<0.005). The percentage of normal morphologysperm of drinking group was significantly lower than that of non-sauna group(P<0.001). The percentage of amorphous head sperm was significantly higher thanthat of non-sauna group (P<0.001).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of varicocele group was markedlylower than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentage of pyriform head sperm,double head sperm, tail defects sperm, neck/Midpiece defects sperm was markedlyhigher than that of fertile group (P<0.05). The percentage of normal morphologysperm of varicocele group was markedly lower than that of non-varicocele group(P<0.05). The percentage of large head sperm, vacuoles head sperm, tail defectssperm was markedly lower than that of non-varicocele group (P<0.05, P<0.001).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of infection group of Ureaplasmaurealyticum was significantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.001). Thepercentage of double head sperm, other abnormal sperm was significantly higher thanthat of fertile group (P<0.005). The percentage of normal morphology sperm,amorphous head sperm of infection group of Ureaplasma urealyticum was markedlylower than that of non-infection group (P<0.05, P<0.005). The percentage of taperedhead sperm, vacuoles sperm, tail defects sperm, other abnormal sperm was markedlyhigher than that of non-infection group (P<0.05, P<0.005).The percentages of normal morphology sperm of infection group of Chlamydiatrachomatis were both significantly lower than that of fertile and non-infection group(P<0.001, P<0.05).The percentages of normal and abnormal morphology sperm of infection groupof virus were no statistics difference in comparison with fertile and non-infectiongroup (P>0.05). But, the percentage of large head sperm was significantly higher thanthat of fertile group (P<0.05). The percentage of amorphous head sperm wassignificantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of infection group of Toxoplasmagondii was significantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.05). The percentage ofnormal morphology sperm of infection group of Toxoplasma gondii was no statisticsdifference in comparison with non-infection group (P>0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of radiation/micro-wave exposuregroup was markedly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.005). The percentage ofdouble head sperm was markedly higher than that of fertile group (P<0.05). Thepercentage of normal morphology sperm of radiation/micro-wave exposure group wasno statistics difference in comparison with non-radiation/micro-wave exposure group(P>0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of pesticide exposure group wassignificantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.005). It was no statistics differencein comparison with non-pesticide exposure group (P>0.05). But, The percentage ofpyriform head sperm, other abnormal sperm was significantly lower than that ofnon-pesticide exposure group (P<0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of paint exposure group wassignificantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.01). The percentage of small headsperm was significantly higher than that of fertile group (P<0.05). The percentage ofnormal morphology sperm of paint exposure group was no statistics difference incomparison with non-paint exposure group (P>0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of heavy metal exposure group wassignificantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.01). The percentage of small headsperm was significantly higher than that of fertile group (P<0.05). The percentage ofnormal morphology sperm of heavy metal exposure group was no statistics differencein comparison with non-heavy metal exposure group (P>0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of kitchener group wassignificantly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentage of small headsperm was significantly higher than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentage ofnormal morphology sperm of Kitchener group was no statistics difference incomparison with non-kitchener group (P>0.05). But, the percentage of amorphoushead sperm of kitchener group was significantly higher than that of non-kitchenergroup (P<0.05). The percentage of tapered head sperm of kitchener group wassignificantly lower than that of non-kitchener group (P<0.05).The percentage of normal morphology sperm of driver group was significantlylower than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentage of small head sperm,pyriform head sperm, other abnormal sperm was significantly higher than that offertile group (P<0.05). The percentage of normal morphology sperm of driver groupwas significantly lower than that of non-driver group (P<0.05). The percentage oflarge head sperm, tapered head sperm was significantly lower than that of non-drivergroup (P<0.05).The percentages of normal morphology sperm of antisperm anbody positivegroup (AsAb+) were no statistics difference in comparison with fertile and AsAb–group (P>0.05). But, the percentages of normal morphology sperm of tapered headsperm, double head sperm, other abnormal sperm was significantly higher than that offertile group (P<0.01, P<0.001).The percentages of normal morphology sperm, pyriform head sperm, amorphoushead sperm, vacuoles head sperm, neck/midpiece defects sperm of abnormalleukocyte group were markedly lower than that of fertile group (P<0.05, P<0.001).The percentages of small head sperm, tapered head sperm, double head sperm weremarkedly higher than that of fertile group (P<0.001). The percentages of normalmorphology sperm, pyriform head sperm were markedly lower than that of normalleukocyte group (P<0.05,P<0.001). The percentages of small head sperm, taperedhead sperm, double head sperm were significantly higher than that of fertile group(P<0.05). There was a significantly negative relative between the percentage ofnormal morphology sperm and leukocyte (r =–0.182, P<0.001). There was asignificantly positive relative between the percentage of small head sperm andleukocyte (r = 0.203, P<0.001). There was a significantly positive relative betweenthe percentage of tapered head sperm and leukocyte (r = 0.114, P<0.05).All results showed that exoteric factors make normal morphology spermdecreased. Sperm malformation is relevant to smoking, drinking, sauna, varicocele,infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum, infection of Chlamydia trachomatis, infectionof Toxoplasma gondii, radiation/micro-wave exposure, pesticide exposure, paintexposure, heavy metal exposure, kitchener, driver, and so on. It was also showed thatsperm morphology might be considered as a marker for clinical evaluation ofinfertility in males.
|
PDF Full Text Request