| This paper reported the studies of twe plants, Ligularia caloxantha (Diels) Hand.—Mazz. and Ligularia japonica (Thunb.) Less Var scaberrima (Hayuta) Ling.The plant, L. caloxantha (Diels) Hand.-Mazz. was chemically studied. Sixteen compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract. On the basis of spectral evidence, thirteen compounds were identified as liguveitoside A (1), euparin (2), hentriacontanoic acid (3), 7,8-dimethoxy-1,2,4-trimethyl-dibenzofuran (5), heptadecanoic acid (6), α-isocomene-13-acid (7), lupeol (8),β-sitosterol (9), 2, 5-diacetyl-6-hydroxy-benzofuran (11), gummosogenin (12), 2-acetyl-5,6-dimethyoxybenzofuran (13), (E)-2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (14) and β-daucosterol (16). The compounds 5 is a new natural products. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the structure and relative configuration of 7 and 5. The compounds 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 16 are first reported in this plant.We investigated the tissue culture and plantlet regeneration from some explants of L. japonica. Light green or white callus could be formed from some explants when cultured on MS + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L. The cotyledon is the best explant which forms callus with the shortest induced time and the best shape. MS + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L is the best suitable for the callus to propagate, meanwhile, few browning phenomenons happened in this condition. Adventitious shoots and roots could be formed on MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L +6-BA 0.5 mg/L and MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L, respectively. This plant was very sensitive with the pH value of the condition. The best range of pH is 5.75—5.80.
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