| [Objective] Case-crossover study is used to explore or validate the drivers' risk factors of road traffic injury (RTI), so as to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategy on RTI. Meanwhile, the application of case-crossover study in the field of traffic injuries research is also discussed.[ Methods ] Case-crossover study is adopted. Motor-driven drivers were interviewed face to face by specially designed questionnaire. The 1st and 4th branches of the Traffic Management Bureau of Chengdu Police Department were chose as the investigation sites. After reviewing literature extensively, consulting epidemiologists and traffic policemen, referring the statistical table for traffic accident, pilot study and considering the demands of case-crossover study, the questionnaire was designed and revised. The questionnaire includes the items such as drinking alcohol before driving, Onset Anger Scale (OAS), anxiety/irritation, Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), vehicle breakdown, carelessness, don' t obey the rule to give way, don' t obey the traffic signs to drive, and so on. The two controls in case-crossover study including 1:1 matching and usual frequency method were designed to explore riskfactors. The mainly statistical analyses are: describing the general items such as demographical and sociological characteristics, driving years, time distribution of car crashes; The data form of 1:1 matching case-control study and usual frequency method were used for single factor analysis; Conditional logistic regression was used for multifactor analysis; and, multiple corresponding analysis was used to explore the correlation between some transient exposure risk factors and some chronic factors.[ Results ] 402 accidents drivers were interviewed. 17. 16 percent of the drivers have the history of traffic accidents. There are three high proportion periods in a day on traffic injuries which are 9 to 12, 13 to 15, and 17 to 18 o' clock. The highest proportion of traffic injuries location is fork which account for 49.75%. The single factor analysis of 1:1 matching data show the following transient factors are the possible risk factors influencing traffic safety: don' t obey the rule to give way, wrong judgement, improper measure, carelessness, high grade of SSS (SSS4), unsafe distance between vehicles, excitement, don' t obey the traffic signs to drive, high grade of OAS (OAS 5), drinking alcohol before driving, vehicle breakdown, and anxiety/irritation when driving. The results of usual frequency method suggest that except above transient factors, taking medicine for curing cold before driving and driving with acute illness also are the possible risk factors. The results ofconditional logistic stepwise regression suggest the following transient factors are the important risk factors: high grade of OAS (OAS^5, OR =114.88), don' t obey the rule to give way(Oï¿¡=46. 96), don' t obey the traffic signs to drive( OR =24. 57), wrong judgement ( OR =14. 67) , carelessness ( OR=14. 54) , unsafe distance between vehicles ( OR =14. 30 ) , vehicle breakdown(OR =8.57) and improper measure COR =8.46) . The result of multiple corresponding analysis shows that there is a correlation between improper measure and driving years are 3 years or below, and a correlation between don' t obey the traffic signs to drive and driving years are 4 years or above.[Conclusion] Among transient exposure risk factors of road traffic injuries, drivers' harmful driving behaviors, abnormal psychological status and driving skills should not be ignored. Moreover, some transient exposure risk factors are related to some chronic factors. So it is really necessary to carry out traffic security education among drivers, to take effective measures base on main risk factors, and to strengthen traffic management to promote the preventive and controlling work for traffic injuries. Besides, this study has proved that the case-crossover study has a good application in the field of road traffic injuries. |
