| Objective : Overtraining can injure the body ofdisciplinarian. The functions of many organs including kidneyhave been affected. The researchers have found apoptotic cellin cardiac muscle increased significantly after exhaustiveexercise. It shows that apoptosis plays a important role in thedamage as a result of overtraining. To investigate themechanism of renal damage, overtraining model was establishedin normal male Wistar rats by exhaustive swimming. The renalfunction and damage degree were observed by detectingbiochemistry and renal pathological changes. Immuno-histochemistry and teninal-deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) were performed toevaluate renal cell apoptosis and the pathogenesis of apoptosis.The protective effect of scopolamine was also observed in theexperiment.Methods:1. Groups:42 male Wistar rats were dividedinto 7 groups randomly: A) quiet control group; B)　immediatelyafter overtraining group; C) 6 hours after overtraining group; D)12 hours after overtraining group; E) 24 hours after overtraininggroup; F) scopolamine treatment group (6 hours afterovertraining) G) scopolamine treatment group(24 hours afterovertraining) 2. A renal damage model was induced byexhaustive swimming : Rats of each groups were given adaptswimming 30 minutes before the experiment, then were put intothe water till exhausted. Swimming time was recorded.Scopolamine was injected into abdomen of rat belonging togroup F and Gbefore swimming, 5mk/kg. 3. Sample: 6 Rats ofeach group were sacrificed after exhausted at different time.Kidneys of the rats were removed. Blood samples and Urinesamples collected before sacrifice were used to assaybiochemical parameters. The apoptosis in kidneys of rats wasdetected by TUNEL. The expression of apoptotic regulatoryproteins, such as Fas-L,Bcl-2,Bax. IGF-1 were detected byimmunohistochemicalstaining. All data were expressed as x±s,T test was used to analyze the difference between the twogroups . All the data were finished with SPSS 12.0 software.Results 1. The serum biochemical parameters, especiallyBUN and CK increased immediately after exhausted. It is moreprominent at 6 hour, and recovered to the normal at 24 hour.?-GT in the urine was not elevated at 6 hour, but it increased at12 and 24 hour. The renal function was improved inscopolamine -treated group, comparing with non-treated group.2. The time that the rats treated with scopolamine swimprolonged comparing with non-treated group's 3. Comparedwith that of control rats, the ischemic changes was observed inthe renal tissue of the rats that accepted overtraining by lightmicroscopy, the morphologic changes mainly occurred at 24hour .No morphologic changes can been observed in the ratsthat treated with scopolamine.4. It is revealed by TUNEL thatthe number of apoptotic cells increased in the kidneys of ratsafter exhaustive swimming, especially at 24 hour afterexhaustive swimming, but decreased at groups treated withscopolamine.5. The expression of IGF-1 proteins was weakerafter exhaustive swimming, but stronger at 24 hour afterexhausted. The expression of FAS-L were stronger afterexhausted, especially at 12 and 24 hour. The expression of Baxalso increased significantly in the kidneys after exhaustiveswimming ,peaked at 24 hours after exhausted. Positive stainingfor Bcl-2 was observed in some tubular epithelial cells incontrol group. At 6 and 12 hour, the positive cells decreased innumber compared with the control group. Treated withscopolamine, the expression of Bcl-2 increase, but IGF-1,Fas-Land Bax's has no significant changes among the groups. Conclusions:1. Rat overtraining model was established byexhaustive swimming .The result testified overtraining couldlead renal damage. The apoptosis could be the reason of therenal damage by overtraining.2. Decrement of IGF-1 plays partrole in the renal apoptosis after overteraining.3.The FAS-L andmitochondria maybe involve in the process of renal tissueapoptosis. Signal that spurs apoptosis can transmit through theFAS-L and mitochondria route.4.The family of Bcl-2 canstimulate apoptosis in kidney after overtraining by increasingBax proteins and decreasing Bcl-2 proteins.5. The scopolamine...
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