| Objectives: Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is a systemic,autoimmune disease that is characterized by chronic polyarticular joint inflammation, its histopathological feature is synovial inflammation, but update, its etiology and mechanism have not been distinct. Recently, studies show that cytokines play an important role in the developing process of RA, TGFβ1 and IL-6 take part in the flare up of RA as two important immune-inflammation regulating factors, but it is not very clear about their levels and roles in RA. The aim of this study is to observe dynamically the levels of TGFβ1 and IL-6 in the serum and synovium of rats of Adjuvant Arthritis, in order to further make clear their levels and investigate the mechanism in RA. Methods:(1) Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 group: the normal group; the experimental groups of different time after injection, including 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d, 42d, 49d, 56d. The rats in normal control group were injected with 0.2ml NS, the others were injected with 0.2ml Complete Freud's Adjuvant (CFA) in the 1/3 position of the inside and middle of the tail. (2) The general state was observed after injection and Arthritis Index (AI) was measured in fixed time; the levels of TGFβ1 and IL-6 in the serum were measured with ELISA. (3) HE was used in knee joint synovium to observe its pathological change and count the lining layers.(4) Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TGFβ1 in synovial tissues and the intensity of TGFβ1 was analyzed by computerized image system. (5) The above-mentioned data were analyzed with SAS statistical software. Results: (1) With the appearance and making heavier of the symptoms of arthritis, AI gradually increase, in the 28th day reach the peak while the symptoms of arthritis is most obvious, then with the making better of the symptoms of arthritis, AI gradually decrease, but lining layers gradually increase with the development of the disease. (2) The level of serum TGFβ1 descend in early stage when symptoms of arthritis have not appeared(AI=0), and there is significant difference with normal group(P<0.05), with the increasement of AI, the level of serum TGFβ1 decrease obviously, then to its lowest level while AI is the peak in the 28th day, with the gradually decreasing of AI, the level of serum TGFβ1 gradually increase and basically regain the normal level in the 56th day, there is not significant difference with the normal group(P>0.05); the change of serum IL-6 is opposite to serum TGFβ1. (3) The correlation between the level ofserum TGFβ1 and AI is negative significantly(r=-0.8258, P<0.05); the correlation between the level of serum IL-6 and AI is positive significantly(r=0.8809,P<0.05); the correlation between the level of serum IL-6 and TGFβ1 is negative significantly(r=-0.9599,P<0.05). (4)With the dynamic change of appearance-acute stage-chronic stage of synovial inflammation, the expression of TGFβ1 in synovial tissues first increase then decrease in the whole course, in the 28th day reach the peak; the correlation between TGFβ1 in the synovium and AI is positive significantly(r=0.8708,P<0.05); the correlation between TGFβ1 in the synovium and the level of serum TGFβ1 is negative significantly(r=-0.8217,P<0.05).(5) There are no correlation among AI,the level of serum IL-6 ,the level of serum TGFβ1,TGFβ1 in the synovium and lining layers count (P >0.05). Conclusions: (1) The correlation between the level of serum TGF β1 and AI is negative significantly, the correlation between the level of serum IL-6 and the AI is positive significantly, so both serum TGFβ1 and IL-6 can judge the activity of RA. (2) The change of the levels of serum TGFβ1 and IL-6 appear earlier than the arthritic symptoms, possibly there are immune-regulating disorder and strong immune reaction in the early stage of RA, testing the levels of serum TGFβ1 and IL-6 in the early stage is helpful to understand the immune state of RA patients anddirect the further treatment. (3) It is out of balance that the decreasement of s...
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