The Clinical Analysis Of Premature Birth And Its Effects On The Pregnant And Infant

A preterm birth is one that occurs between full 28 weeks and less 37weeks (196-258 days). Because of the weeks of gestation is not enough, it causes many perinatal death. Preterm birth is the leading cause of 75% perinatal morbidity and mortality. The preterm birth morbidity is about 5-15%. It is 10% in the United States. The preterm birth morbidity has not been reported in our country. An infants born at less than 37weeks of gestation are at risk for a variety of complications due to prematurity, Including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), broncho pulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NES), sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), et al. The more the gestational age and birth weight decrease, the more the perinatal morbidity and mortality. About 25% of those infants born prior to term major handicaps do not develop, such as cerebral palsy, seizure disorders et al. Regionalization of perinatal care and advances in neonatal care during the past several decades have reduced the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with prematurity. Unfortunately, the preterm birth rate has actually increased. Hence, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these complications of pregnancy is necessary before we can accurately identify the majority of women at risk and develop effective therapy to prevent preterm birth. In order to discuss the risk factors of premature birth and its effects on the pregnant and infant. I collected 120 cases of premature birth and divided them into two groups (28weeks to 34 weeks, 34+1weeks to37weeks), According to their gestation age of birth before or after 34weeks in our hospital from January, 1999 to November, 2003, they were analyzed retrospectively. At the same time, 120 cases of full-term pregnants and infants were taken as a control group according their age, twins and single fetus, first or second labor, surgical abortion et al are same to preterm pregants. Results: we found five important factors: premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature delivery with unknown causes, twins, breech presentation are the dominant etiology. The incidence of preterm delivery is 8.36% of all births in our hospital five years. The neonatal death is 10 cases in premature birth, the neonatal mortality is 7.75%, but in control group has one case death, the mortality is 0.81%, The mortality is significant (p<0.01) between two groups. There is significant difference (p<0.01) in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The incidence of NRDS is 55.28%; the low birth weight is 94.44%, the neonatal mortality is 20.59% in 28 weeks to 34 weeks; But in 34+1weeks to 37 weeks the incidence of NRDS is 8.60%; the low birth weight is 68.82%, the neonatal mortality is 3.16%. In full term broth, the incidence of NRDS is 5.69%; the low birth weight is 21.95%, the neonatal mortality is 0.81%. There is a significant difference (P<0.01) in the infants mortality and incidence of NRDS and low birth weight. Conclusion: The risk factors associated with preterm labor are premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature delivery with unknown causes, twins, breech presentation; Preterm labor is the important factors leading perinatal morbidity and mortality. The more decrease the gestational age and birth weight, the more morbidity and mortality the perinatal. There is no difference(P>0.05) in the effects on cesarean birth,delivery method and puerperal hemorrhage in preterm delivery and full-term delivery, it is important to enhance preterm labor's precausion,diagnosis and therapy.