| The genus Vaccinium in the family Ericaceae comprises about 200 species. In China, the resource of Vaccinium is abundant and distributing over the country, especially in Southwest, Huanan and Northeast of China. The year's yield from the Great and Small Xingan Mountains is about one million of ton, occupies ninety percent of the whole country. The research of Vaccinium is very important to understand its bioactivities and using the Vaccinium resource.The bioactive component in Vaccinium fruit is abundant, some species have edible fruits and use as medicament in Europe and USA. In the last decades the anthocyanin and flavoid content of some Vaccinium species has received interest due to their pharmacological properties, in particular effect on antioxidantion, antimicrobial and blood vessels. Anthocyanins has been discussed in relation to a wide rang of physiological functions such as vision improvement and have inhibition of low density lipoprotein, hypercholesterolemia, anti- decrepitude, diminish inflammation, antiulcer, antiradiation, antivirus and so on. The author aimed chiefly at developing and utilizing Vaccinium resource, and exploring its major compounds.Investigation and research were carried out for extraction, qualitative analysis, separation and identification of anthocyanins and flavoid from fruit of Vaccinium blueberry. The antioxidation activities of total anthocyanins in methanol extracts were anglicized.The combined extract of 0.1 % HC1- MeOH was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, partitioned against ethyl acetate, and applied on an Amberlite XAD-7 column. The dried extract was fractionated by a Sephadex LH-20 column (1000 x 50 mm) using a elution with MeOH. In this work, the quantitative and the structure determination anthocyanins and flavoid in blueberry fruit has been deter- mined following different procedures: physiochemical, TLC, spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis. The results show that two anthocyanins and one flavonoid compounds is identified as cyanidine-3-O-galactoside, malvinin-3-O-glucoside and myricaceae, respectively.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a good method of quantitative analysis. Analysis condition of RP-HPLC: anthocyanins were separated on a 5 um zorbax SB C18 column(150 mm x 4.6 mm); Mobile phase A solvent: 10 % formic acid; B solvent: methanol. Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min; column temperature: 25C; Anthocyanins(20 uL injected)were eluted with gradient: 0- 20 min, B solvent, 10-60 %; 20- 25 min, B solvent, 60- 100%; 25- 30 min, B solvent, 100 %.The content was different in fruit of sixteen samples. The average amount of anthocyanins in different specials is 300 mg/100 g fresh fruit wt., the highest anthocyanins content among sixteen specials is Chignecto, which is 454 mg/100 g fresh fruit, the lowest, bluejay, is only 191.02 mg/100 g fresh fruit. Four anthocyanins have used as standard sample. One of them, cyanidine-3-O-galactoside, is 47.71 mg/ 100 g fresh fruit in CA- 206, and 6.61 mg/100 g fresh fruit in blomidon respectively.The anthocyanins antioxidant capacity was elucidated by some assays. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of blueberry extract increased when concentration of anthocyanins increased. These results suggest that anthocyanin is the major source of antioxidant capacity in blueberry extract.The paper provides a scientific basis for researching and developing blueberry anthocyanins as effective ingredients, exploiting and utilizing blueberry resource for further, especially mass production of extract and separation, and creating economic and social benefits. |
