The Expression And Significance Of Cyclin D₁,D₃ And P～(16),P～(21) With Varicosity In The Lower Extremities

Objective To explore the effect of cyclin D1,cyclin D3 and P16,P21 with the proliferation and differentiation of smooth muscle cells(SMC) in the lower extremity varicose veins. Methods By using immunohistochemistry and venous image, 40 patients with varicosity and 20 controls were studied for discover the expression of cyclin D1,cyclin D3 and P16,P21 in the SMC of great saphenous veins.Results (1). Immunoreactivity to cyclinD1 and P16 was observed in the media and adventitial SMC layers of the vessel wall. The SMC in the varicosity showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, while cyclin D1 and P16 localized to the cytoplasm mainly in the controls. The numbers of positive nuclear in the varicose vein specimens were compared with those of controls with significant difference (p<0.01). The intensity of positive cytoplasm of P16 in the varicose vein specimens were compared with those of controls with no significant difference (p>0.05). While that of cyclin D1 in the varicose vein specimens were compared with those of controls with significant difference (p<0.05).(2). Immunoreactivity to cyclin D3 was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of SMC. The intensity of cytopasm in the thickening group was compared with controls with no significant difference (p>0.05). But that in the dilatation group was compared with control group with significant difference (p<0.05). The number of positive nucleus in the thickening group was also compared with control with significant difference (p<0.01). The P21 was only observed in the media SMC layers of the dilated and varicose veins. The numbers of positive nuclear in the varicose vein specimens were compared with those of controls with significant difference (p<0.01). The intensity of positive cytoplasm in the dilated varicose vein specimens were compared with those of controls with significant difference (p<0.05).Conclusion Abnormal expression of cyclin D1,cyclin D3 and P16,P21 can lead to proliferation and phenotype alteration of SMC, and result in venous remodeling. It may be one of the mechanisms of varicosity.