| Squamous cell esophageal carcinoma is one of the most malignant carcinomas and has poor prognosis despite the evolvement of surgical technique.To improve the survival rate, many biological markers have been studied todiagnose in the earlier period. Pathology examination is still regard as "goldenstandard" for the diagnosis of this kind of carcinoma. But it is limited in theclinical survey and screening because of its trauma and incorrect location ofbiopsy sometimes . DNA analysis is the heat point in the field of tumor studythese days , changes of DNA content in various carcinomas has been widelystudied. All the parametes of DNA of the normal epithelia cell of esophagus aresteady, but during the process of carcinogenesis, chromosomal abnormality wasfound frequent. Many studies of DNA analysis in the sample taken by theoperation and paraffin section indicated that after the occurrenc of Squamous cellesophagus carcinoma, the content of DNA in the tissue cell always changedmarkedly. The DNA analysis has already used in the exfoliated cells of pleuralfluid, ascitic fluid, urine, pancreatic juice, etc. and it has began to apply in theclinic, but there is few reports about DNA analysis in the exfoliated cells ofesophagus to diagnose the esophageal carcinoma in the earlier period. Because ofthe evolvement of fluorescence probe, we can detect the DNA changes in tumorcells directly with the Flow Cytometry, the tiny changes in the DNA content mayindicate the carcinogenesis. This study detect the DNA content in the exfoliatedcells of esophagus with Flow Cytometry after staining of Propidium iodide. It's adirect, reliable, objective method and fits for the test with large samples. Thepurpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic method of Flow Cytometryin early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma, in order to find a more effective andsensitive method for the esophageal carcinoma's diagnose, survey.MethodsObject: 41 patients of Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, met- age 56 ,non-Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus patients as control group, met-age 55. The exfoliated cells were obtain by the esophagus Fleece-Pulling, eachpatient has 2 samples, one for the routine cytology determination, the other for the Flow Cytometry. The single-cell suspensionwas was made by Mechanical decentralization, on which fluorescence staining by Propidium iodide was made. This fluid was then detected by the Flow Cytometry for DNA analisys . histogram, DNA index, G2/G1, S-phase fraction ( SPF ), Proliferation Index ( PI), etc were recorded and calculated. Clinical evaluation was made by comparing with the routine cytology examination of exfoliated cells. Chi-squaed test was applied in the comparison the DNA Ploidyand the positive Flow Cytometry rate between two groups and between analysis of Flow Cytometry and routine cytology.The Proliferation Index ( PI ) of two group were test by the t-test. The carcinoma Staging and result of Flow Cytometry were calculated by Exact probabitities in 2*2 table. The remain data were calculate by the correct Chi-squared test.Results1.The analysis of DNA histogram(1) there was typical non-euploid apex in the esophageal carcinoma group,and hyperploid can be found in this group.(2 )only one diploid apex was found in the typical control group.2.The analysis of Ploidy between two group(1) DNA Index: DI of esophageal carcinoma group is 1.31±0.23, the controlgroup is 1.00±0.03, there's significant statistical difference between twogroup (p<0.001).(2) DNA Ploidy: the existence rate of Aneuploid in esophageal carcinoma group is 70.7%, the control group is 4.8%, there's significant statistical difference between two group (p<0.001).(3) Proliferation markers:1) G2/G1: esophageal carcinoma group is 2.071±0.153, the control group is 1.996±0.099, there's significant statistical difference between two group (p<0.05).2) S-phase fraction: esophageal carcinoma group is 28.830±15.997,...
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