The Research Of Utilization On Maize Varieties In Henan Province During Past Two Decades

Henan Province is not only one of the national Maize-producing province, but also has a leading position in breeding.Exploring the status quo of the use of maize varieties have a certain promoting role in Henan maize production and breeding. Based the test and examined data of maize varieties from 1986 to 2008 in Henan Province, this article analyzed germplasm resource utilization of maize varieties and variation rule on disease-resistance, quality, yield change of examined varieties during the past 20 years in Henan Province and bring forward a reference for Maize varieties selection and use of the maize varieties in future.1.With the increasing demand for Maize in China, the number of examined and promoted varieties increased year by year, but the number of maize varieties that annual planting area for each variety was over 100 million mu remained at 4-5 each year; The number of varieties that Annual planting area for each variety was over 500 million mu remained at 1-2, The result indicates that dominant varieties of maize are very clear in different periods of Henan Province.2.With the diversification of the main breeding unit in recent years, only a few new varieties had a breakthrough on yield, quality, resistance and adaptability in Henan. The varieties of the tested, examined and promoted were similar on main traits. They essentially expressed tight shape, mid-high stem, thick spike and anti-dense. Type of Most varieties was similar as there was no major breakthrough in breeding materials blood.3.During past two decades, the average yield of maize varieties of Regional Trial was increased. The yield change for low density group was from 481.8kg in 1998 to 624.7kg in 2008 and The yield change for high density was from 484.8kg in 1998 to 658.6kg in 2008.The increasing extent respectively reached 30% and 36%. That indicate that yield trait has been gradually increased, genetic gain is significant via genetic improvement.4. The grain protein content, starch content of Henan breeding varieties was gradually increased. These two components of new breeding varieties in 2004 increased significantly. Fat content, lysine content was no obvious change. The result shows that breeders also took into account the improvement of the quality index, while they made improvement in the yield traits. In the future varieties breeding, exploration and creation of the resource with high starch or with high lipid should be enhanced. Use of maize varieties with high starch or with high lipid can satisfy the need of processing industry and animal husbandry.5.From the resistant-disease of varieties in Henan Province,we can see that maize southern leaf blight had been effectively controlled and resistibility to stem rot disease,. vstiliago maydis had increased, but after 2007, the occurrence of stalk rot and vstilago maydis had a worsening trend. The occurrence of southern rust was becoming increasingly serious. That shows the little progress on the improvement of disease resistance. This has great relationship with overuse of germplasm with blood of Reid×Sipingtou, high field planting density, poor ventilation, poor light transmission, heavy field hidden. It is need to give consideration to multiple disease resistance in the future breeding of maize variety.6. In order to meet the needs of mechanized harvest and the need of integrated resistance, the overall target of Maize breeding in Henan Province should be that varieties have traits of tight shape, close planting adaptability, appropriate growing period, fast grain filling and dehydration, comprehensive and strong resistance, stable yield,hard stem, good lodging resistance with well-developed root, while varieties keep premise of ensuring high-yield.7. Through the analysis of use of maize varieties during the past two decades, maize varieties using principles in Henan Province should be:(1)High-yield area in north Henan province should plant the Maize varieties with traits of bearing-fertilizer, bearing-density, early-maturing, high-yielding.Disease resistance and lodging resistance of varieties should take into account in this area. (2) Henan Southwest planting area should plant varieties with big spike and late-maturing. Disease resistance and lodging resistance of varieties should also take into account. (3)Henan southeast planting area should plant the varieties with base of prominent high yield and with the excellent disease resistance,lodging resistance.