| In the light of the problems existing in anther culture of pepper (Copsicum annuum L.) at present, anthers were cultured of 12 genotypes in this paper based on the works previously. And the technique of the efficiency of embryoid induction and seedling derived from embryoid were studied, which established the foundation for its application in practice. The research contents and conclusions are as follows:1. Relationships between microspore stages and shapes of the buds,colour of the anthers were observed. When sepals and petals had the same length or the petals were longish and the free end of the anther was slightly purple,and the purple part was not more than three fourths,the anthers contained more microspores at the stage of the first pollinic mitosis. This standard practice in later proved to be effective.2. Induction of 3 basic media(Nitch,NTH,MS) was compared, the results indicated that MS was the best in anther culture. Basic medium was important factor to the embryo induction, and concentration of hormone was important factor to the callus induction.3. In the effect of plant growth regulators on callus and embryo induction of pepper anther culture the effects of medium with various concentrations of KT and 2,4-D,KT and NAA were studied. The results showed that low concentration of 2,4-D was better for embryo induction and high concentration of 2,4-D was better for calluses induction; Rate of embryo induction was much different in various combination and concentrations of plant growth regulators(0.75%-19.03%); Different of genotypes was adaptation to different kind and combination of plant growth regulators, rate of embryo induction was the highest on MS medium supplemented with 0.05mg/L KT and 0.005 mg/L 2,4-D.4. In the effect of genotypes, embryos of 12 cultivars were induced on 8 kinds of medium, but the rate of embryo induction was different(0.75%-19.03%). 5. In the effect of active carbon, rate of embryo induction from pepper anther on media with different concentration of active carbon(0,0.05%,0.25%,0.5%) was studied. The result showed that the active carbon could control the influence of browning reaction and callus growth to the anther. But the anther could be dead on medium with high concentration of active carbon(0.25%,0.5%). The medium with 0.05% active carbon could improve the rate of embryo induction. The rate of embryo induction could improve efficiently on the medium with 0.05% active carbon but the rate was a noticeable decline on the medium with 0.5% active carbon.6. The embryoids state of three C. annuum cultivars was observed. The result indicated that not all the embryoids could develope into plantlets. The percentages of seedling formation from embryoids of three C. annuum cultivars were low(39.1%-45.3%). Four morphogenesis of embryoid were present in further observing. They were mature embryo,no growing point embryo,root-like embryo,no development embryo.The embryoids which were mature or no growing point could develope into plantlets. There was few seedling derived from embryoids which root-like or no development. This was the direct cause for low rate of seedling. |
