Cotton Production And Genetic Improvement Research Henan Province

Henan Province is a large agricultural province and a large cotton growing province, with superior ecological conditions. Light, heat, water, soil and other natural conditions meet the requirements of cotton growth and development. Cotton production has steadily increased in Henan. About 70 million hectares of cotton were sown in Henan each year, which accout for 1/6 of the yield in whole country, and the total production of lint cotton reach one million tons.In the paper, the situation of Henan cotton production in whole country and the advantage of cotton production were analyzed. On the other hand, the problem in cotton production was pointed out based on the history of Henan cotton production. The research found that cotton production in Henan province relies in policy, technology and captical investment, the development of which is tortuous and wavy-style. Also, it showed that the distribution of cotton production is being concentrated, the level of cotton production is being improvd and the capacity of production is being increased.The promotion of cotton varieties has an important role in the sustainable development of the cotton production. The history of cotton production in Henan Province shows that breed improvement is the basic and starting point for production increment.1. Genetic improvement of yield traitsThe productions of seed cotton, cotton lint, and lint before frost of cotton varieties in Henan have a steady upward trend. The annual rate of growth were 18.8773 kg/hm2,5.2671 kg/hm2 and 6.8239 kg/hm2.Among them, the annual rate of growth for seed cotton was significant. The contribution of the boll number of per plant was the highest, then followed fiber yield and boll weight.2. Genetic improvement of disease resistanceThe disease index of Fusarium wilt of cotton had a growth rate of 0.248 per annum, and 0.9679 for cotton Verticillium wilt. The harm of cotton Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt is still severe for cotton production in Henan province. The reason was mainly the lower disease resistant of some cotton varieties and the bad farming practices, such as preferential N fertilizer.3. Genetic improvement of fiber qualityThe pile length, strength, and micronaire of cotton varieties were speeded up at 0.0136 mm,0.1159 and 0.0161 annually in Henan Province, respectively. The change of fiber strength and fineness were significant. In order to improve variety, more attention should be paid to the coordination of key indicators, such as the relationship between quality and yield, quality and premature.4. Genetic improvements of main agronomic traitsThere were significant positively correlation between lint yield and frost before the flowering rate, strains of boll number, boll weight, lint percentage, plant height and fruit-bearing branch. Strains of boll number had more effects on the lint yield, then fruit-bearing branch, frost before the flowering rate, lint percentage, plant height, and boll weight. But, long growth period, high Sub-refers, and suitable for high density growing is not conducive to the improvement of cotton lint yield in Henan. It should improve the rate of frost before the flowers, trees boll number, boll weight, lint percentage, plant height and fruit branch number relied on genetic improvement.In order to improve the development of Henan cotton production, the conventional breeding techniques must closely connect with the biotechnology and establish a set of techniques and innovation system for breeding, then to create a variety of materials and varieties with high yield, high quality, and wide adaptability.