| This research was studying on Pteria penguin (R?ding) with the method of molecular genetic marker and morphological contrastive analysis for the first time in domestic.We got amplified primer of 26 pairs of Pteria penguin (R?ding) SSR primers from 85 pairs of Pinctada martensii's genomics SSR primers. Wild and cultivation populations all from Guangxi and Guangdong were amplified under the optimal reaction condition of 26 pairs SSR markers. We know the average FST of two Pteria penguin populations of various geographical backgrounds was 0.0434 with intermediate genetic differentiation. The average PIC of two Pteria penguin populations was 0.5638.The amount of alleles from wild and cultivated populations was 3.8 and 3.4 respectively, accompanied by expected heterozygosity (HE) was 0.6610 and 0.5539, as well as observed heterozygosity (HO) was 0.6286 and 0.4685. And the Shannon's I* was 1.1535 and 0.9086, as well as Fis was 0.0922 and 0.0931 respectively. The result shows that:the diversity and inbreeding coefficient of cultivated population of Pteria penguin was lower than wild populations, but the two populations were well off. We do that in order to have appropriate SSR loci for genetic diversity research through the amplifying of primers.The wild and cultivated Pteria penguin populations'shell length (SL), the shell height (SH,ST) were used as independent variables, and shell width (SW) was used as a dependent variable for the path analysis, path coefficients (Pi), determination coefficients and correlation index were calculated. The results showed that 3 shape characters'influence for the two populations were SL>SH>ST and SH>ST>SL ;correlation coefficients between each character all have significant difference (P<0.01/ P<0.05). In the end, we can distinguish wild and cultivated individual from SL/ST through the analysis of quantitative parameter as mean values and variance. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for conservation and exploitation of Pteria penguin in China.
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