| Jatropha curcas is kind of perennial woody oil-bearing plant, has been popularly planting and distributes wildly in China, which is rich, broad spectrum, with a high economical value. Jatropha curcas was regarded as the potential resource can be instead of the fossil fuel, while up to now, its production is low, could not satisfy the demands. Fruit of Jatropha curcas has a close relationship with flower, in this paper, flowering and fruiting of Jatropha curcas under different environments were studied in the dry-hot valleys of the Jinsha River, Panzhihua city, Sichuan province. The results are that:(1) According to observing the flower phenology, the result shows that with the altitude become higher, the flower and fruit become later. The flower in wet environment is earlier than that in dry environment. There are three flower periods, for the fist time, flowers are most, lasts the longest time, while the ratio of sexes are big. For the second time, the flowers are a little less, lasts a shorter time. For the last time, only few flowers, especially the female flowers, lasts the shortest time. Most flowers distribute above outside of the tree, seldom distribute inside part.(2) Benzidine staining method was used to analysis the change of vitality of Jatropha curcas pollen under 3 different storage temperatures. The result showed that vitality of male pollen can up to 93.4%, but the vitality decreases with the time. Freezing (-24--18℃) storage is the best way for Jatropha curcas pollen, cold (0-4℃) storage is the following way, under room temperature, vitality of pollen decreases quickly.(3) According to analysis the effect of different concentration sugar, boric acid and temperature on the germination of Jatropha curcas pollen, the results shows that 10% sugar, 0.03% boric acid and 30℃are the good variances for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. While the result of orthogonal design method is 12% sugar,0.01% boric acid at 27℃.(4)To analysis the pollination habit by different treatments, emasculating then bagging, emasculates without bagging, without emasculating but bagging respectively as compared with control no castration no bagging. The results show that female flower has a high fertility rate under natural pollination, up to almost 100%. Fruit setting ratio is zero under emasculating then bagging, fruit setting ratio is up to 42.7% under emasculates without bagging, while the fruit setting ratio is only 1.6% under without emasculating but bagging. The main reason is that Jatropha curcas is pollinated by insects.(5) According to observation and analysis,70-80% fruits distribute above outside the tree. It takes 70 days from pollination to mature.(6) By comparing the seeds harvested in different period in wet and dry area at low altitude (800m), middle altitude (1200m) and high altitude (1700m), it was found that, 100-grain weight from high altitude is lower than that from middle altitude, while 100-grain weight from wet area is heavier than that from the dry area. The 100-grain weight in early period and middle period has no obvious difference, but it decreases evidently in the late period. The production is the best in middle altitude wet area with a high quality. The 100-grain weight is 65.17g. The production is the poorest in high altitude dry area with a low quality. The 100-grain weight is 38.47g. |
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