| Test one: In order to evaluate the effects of expanding treatment and addition levels of wheat on the growth and part of the physiological function of grass carp, and investigate the ability of using of wheat into fat of grass carp and the effect of carnitine on the growth and part of the physiological function of grass carp, we designed nine test groups: 16% wheat raw, 16% wheat extruded, 32% wheat raw, 32% wheat extruded, 32% wheat raw(no oil), 32% wheat extruded (no oil), 32% wheat raw adding carnitine, 32% wheat extruded adding carnitine and 32% wheat extruded adding carnitine (no oil). Ctenopharyngodon idellus (22.29 g) were randomly divided into 9 treatments which contained 3 replicates and 15 grass carps for each replicate, then were fed for 60 days with the nine diets in the indoor recirculating system. After feeding, the SR, SGR, FCR, PER, PDR, LDR, physical indicators, body nutrient composition, serum biochemical markers, non-specific immune defense force, Liver glycogen and hepatopancreas function were analyzed. The results showed that:â‘ After expanding treatment, the SGR was lower (the levels of 16% and 32% were reduced by 5.95% and 3.42% respectively (P>0.05)). PDR were decreased but FDR increased. The content of protein of the whole body, muscle and liver were decreased, the content of fat content of liver were increased and the HIS and CFI were also increased. The activity of LSZ were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the activity of liver GPT were decreased but the activity of serum GOT increased.â‘¡When the addition of wheat raw and wheat extruded were increased from 16% to 32%, the SGR were decreased 3.31% and 0.70% respectively (P>0.05). FDR were increased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of fat of the whole body and liver were increased significantly (P<0.05).The HIS and CFI were also increased (P<0.05). The content of protein of the whole body and liver were decreased significantly (P<0.05). The activity of LSZ were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and liver glycogen and TG were increased significantly (P<0.05).â‘¢32% wheat without adding oil had no effect on the growth index, nutrient composition and physiological function(P>0.05), but FDR were higher and CFI were lower.â‘£32% Wheat added carnitine had no effect on survival rate, SGR, feed efficiency, protein efficiency and the physiological indicators of grass carp (P>0.05), but FDR, liver fat and TG of serum were decreased significantly(P<0.05). The results suggest that:â‘ The expanding treatment of wheat had a negative impact on the breeding of grass carp.â‘¡The appropriate rate of wheat raw and wheat extruded in feed were 16%, and the excessive use of them had an adverse effect on the breeding of grass carp.â‘¢grass carp could transform wheat into fat better, and no fat added in the 32% level of wheat raw or expanded dietary had no significant effect on the growth performance of grass carp.â‘£The carnitine can promote the body's fat metabolism and reduce liver fat content of grass carp.Test two: In order to evaluate the effects of expanding treatment and addition levels of corn on the growth and part of the physiological function of grass carp, and investigate the ability of using of corn into fat of grass carp and the effect of carnitine on the growth and part of the physiological function of grass carp, we designed nine test groups: 16% corn raw, 16% corn extruded, 32% corn raw, 32% corn extruded, 32% corn raw(no oil), 32% corn extruded (no oil), 32% corn raw adding carnitine, 32% corn extruded adding carnitine and 32% corn extruded adding carnitine (no oil). Ctenopharyngodon idellus (25.40g) were randomly divided into 9 treatments which contained 3 replicates and 15 grass carps for each replicate, then were fed for 60 days with the nine diets in the indoor recirculating system. After feeding, the SR, SGR, FCR, PER, PDR, LDR, Physical indicators, body nutrient composition, serum biochemical markers, non-specific immune defense force, Liver glycogen and hepatopancreas function were analyzed. The results show that::â‘ After expanding treatment, the SR, SGR, FCR and PER of the grass carp were not significantly affected (P>0.05). But the PDR was declined and FDR was improved. The VI, HIS and CFI of the grass carp had an increasing trend. The SOD activity of liver was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the TG of serum were significantly increased (P<0.05).â‘¡The levels of corn had no significant effect on the SR, SGR, FCR, PER and the physiological indicators of the grass carp. But when the levels of corn raw or extrude increased from 16% to 32%, the FDR and liver glycogen had an increasing trend. The crude protein of liver decreased significantly (P<0.05). The crude fat of liver and CFI were significantly increased (P<0.05).â‘¢The diet of 32% corn without added fat had no significant effect on the nutrient composition and physiological function of the grass carp, but the FDR of no-oil groups were significantly increased (P<0.05) and CFI were significantly lower(P<0.05).â‘£The diets of 32% corn with carnitine had no significant effect on growth efficiency and the physiological indicators of grass carp. But the FDR of the carnitine groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The HIS, CFI and liver glycogen content were decreased. Conclusion:â‘ The expanding treatment of corn had no significant effect on the growth efficiency, but had a negative impact on the physiological functions of the grass carp.â‘¡The appropriate rate of corn raw and corn extruded in feed were 16%, and the excessive use of them had an adverse effect on the breeding of grass carp.â‘¢Grass carp could transform corn into fat better, and no fat added in the 32% level of wheat raw or expanded dietary had no significant effect on the growth performance of grass carp.â‘£The carnitine can promote the body's fat metabolism and reduce liver fat content of grass carp. |
