| Amygdalus is a high-yield woody oil plant and suitable for sand culture, and can be used as a management of governance desert and a new species of choice for development of edible oil. The consumer's demand on edible oil diversified trend currently, and it is attractive to develop new kinds of edible oil with health care function. At the moment of using amygdalus kernel to develop high-quality edible oil, two by-products of essential oil and activated carbon were extracted from greaves and kinds of shell, so as to achiev comprehensive utilization.The main contents of this study include:1. ReviewsThe research work on amygdalus, edible oil, essential oil and activated carbon was reviewed.2. Composition analysis of amygdalus kernelThe general composition, vitamins, amino acids and mineral elements of amygdalus kernel were studied. Content of amygdalin of amygdalus kernel was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that amygdalus kernel's total sugar was 8.62%, crude protein 25.2%, crude fat 54.10%; being rich in variety of human-essential composition, such as water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, amino acids and mineral elements; content of amygdalin 3.73%, higher than bitter almond and other common Rosaceae kernels.3. Preparation and analysis of amygdalus oilWith amygdalus kernel as starting material, amygdalus crude oil was prepared by pressing. The results showed that amygdalus crude oil's acid value was 5.5-5.7 mgKOH/g, peroxide value 0.33-0.36 g/100g, higher than health standard set forth in edible oil, although being rich in unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. Amygdalus refined oil, prepared from amygdalus crude oil, of which acid value was 0.1-0.2 mgKOH/g, peroxide value 0.04-0.05 g/100g, being in accordance with health standard set forth in edible oil; unsaturated fatty acids 97.20%, total vitamin E 270.5 mg/kg, the health indicators-total arsenic, lead and aflatoxin B1 being in accordance with health standard set forth in edible oil. Acute toxicity test proved amygdalus refined oil to be safe. Amygdalus refined oil is expected to develop as a new high-quality edible oil.4. Composition analysis of amygdalus essential oilAmygdalus kernel essential oil were prepared from greaves of amygdalus kernel by direct hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, and finally was analyzed by GC-MS. Composition of amygdalus shell essential oil prepared from amygdalus shell were also analyzed. The results showed that both amygdalus kernel essential oil and amygdalus shell essential oil had many active composition, such as hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde, laying a foundation on bio-activity study.5. Preparation and analysis of amygdalus shell activated carbonThe optimum preparation conditions, the structure characterization and decoloring ability of the products were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were 50% ZnCl2 solution, activation temperature 600℃, activation time 90 min. Under the above optimum conditions, the yield, iodine value and methylene blue value were 44.76%, 883.78 mg/g and 165 mg/g respectively, meeting or exceeding the quality requirements of national standard. N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K were belong to typed-Ⅱadsorption isotherms. The specific surface area, the accumulated pore volume and the averaged pore size were 1633.8 m2/g,2.53 mL/g and 9.68 nm, respectively. Six elements in the activated carbon, whose content was Zn> Na> Mg> K> Ca> P, and that the harmful elements-Mn, Cd, As, Pb were not discovered. The decolorizing rate of the products for self-mading dyeing wastewater was up to 99.57%. Amygdalus shell was one of the ideal raw materials for preparing high quality activated carbon.
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