| This study examined different types of copper source and level on rumen fermentation and related substances in the blood biochemical indexes. At first,Screening by in vitro methionine copper, copper sulfate and copper chloride are three separate addition of copper source and add the appropriate ratio and dosage; and then use fitted with permanent rumen fistula in Chinese Holstein cows, on Preliminary results of in vitro screening test feeding study, through its internal environment and on Rumen Fermentation, Rumen degradation rate of dietary nutrients, dietary digestibility and blood biochemical indices related to the combined effects, approach the effects of copper source on Rumen regulatory role for the application of copper source to improve digestive function and production performance of dairy cows to provide reference. 1 A variety of sources appropriate to add a level of copper in vitro screening test(1) Add a separate trial of three copper sources controlled trial design using single factor, the level of methionine added Set 0,9,18,27,36,45 mg/kg (Cu) DM 6 gradient; copper sulfate Make 0,9,18 , 27,36,45 mg/kg (Cu) DM 6 gradient; copper chloride Set 0,9,18,27,36,45 mg/kg (Cu) DM 6 gradient. Each level with 3 repeats, respectively 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h time points in vitro. Composite index using a number of indicators on the medium pH, ammonia concentration, liquid residues in vitro DM, NDF and ADF disappearance rate of a comprehensive assessment, screening the suitability of three copper sources were added, methionine 18 mg/kg DM and 27 mg/kg DM; copper sulfate as 9 mg/kg DM and 27 mg/kg DM, copper chloride was 18 mg / kg DM and 27 mg/kg DM.(2) Mixing ratio of three copper source selection using L8 (27) orthogonal design. The initial screening will be the source of three separate addition of copper to 8 groups of orthogonal and then cultured in vitro. Selected methionine: copper sulfate: copper chloride suitable ratio 2:1:3.(3) Add the levels of mixed copper source with the screening test design (1). Set the level of mixed copper source added 0,9,18,27,36,45 mg/kg (Cu) DM 6 gradient. Selected mixture of copper suitable dosage of 9 mg/kg (Cu) DM and 27 mg/kg (Cu) DM. 2 Two different types of copper source and level on rumen fermentation and correlate biochemical indexes of blood Cow feeding trial using 3×3 Latin square design. Methionine were added, set M0 (0), M2 (18mg/kgDM) and M3 (27mg/kgDM); copper sulfate were added, set to L0 (0), L1 (9mg/kgDM) and L3 (27mg/kgDM ); copper chloride were added, set to J0 (0), J2 (18mg/kgDM) and J3 (27mg/kgDM); mixture of copper were added, set H0 (0), H1 (9mg/kgDM) and H3 (27mg/kgDM), respectively, of dietary copper source within the environment and on Rumen Fermentation, Rumen degradation rate of dietary nutrients, dietary digestibility and blood biochemical parameters related to the impact.(1)Diets supplemented with different types and levels of copper source on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration had no significant effect (P>0.05); separate methionine copper and copper mixed with three kinds of materials can significantly increase the rumen acetic acid and acid concentration, and methionine also increased the role of acetic acid and propionic acid ratio, comprehensive evaluation of methionine copper and mixed copper additives are the best 27mg/kg; copper sulfate and copper chloride added separately to decrease tumor gastric acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid concentration adversely affected. (2) Add different types of copper additives can improve the nutritional diet rumen disappearance rate, is added 27mg/kg methionine copper DM, CP, NDF and ADF; 9mg/kg sulfate of DM and NDF; 18mg/kg copper chloride in the DM, NDF, and CP; 27mg/kg copper mixed DM, NDF and ADF; 9mg/kg such mixed ruminal CP disappearance of copper were significantly higher (P<0.05). The major dietary nutrients on Ruminal Degradation were not significant (P>0.05).(3) Dietary Methionine separate copper or copper sulfate 27mg/kgDM of DM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibility were significantly higher (P<0.05); add different levels of copper chloride were increased apparent digestibility of dietary trends, but each added group and control group no significant difference between (P>0.05); according to the ratio 2:1:3 mixture of methionine copper, copper sulfate and copper chloride 9 mg / kg (Cu) DM diet significantly increased apparent digestibility of major nutrients (P<0.05).(4) Dietary Methionine alone copper, copper sulfate and copper chloride 27mg/kgDM significantly increased copper concentration in blood (P<0.05); separate methionine copper or copper sulfate 9mg/kgDM or copper chloride 18mg/kgDM significantly increased serum ceruloplasmin activity (P<0.05); add 18mg/kgDM methionine, 9mg/kgDM copper sulfate, 27mg/kgDM copper chloride and 9mg/kg (Cu) DM mixture of copper can increase the SOD activity (P<0.05). |
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