An Analysis Of Gully Erosion Dynamics And Its Affecting Factors In A Typical Black Soil Area Based On GIS

Gully erosion is the more common types of soil erosion in the Black Soil Area of Northeast China. For a long time, due to excessive reclamation and irrational of human cultivation, resulting in massive soil erosion, erosion ditch continuous cutting surface, and erosion of arable land, fertile soil washed away, reducing the efficiency of large-scale farming machinery. The Black Soil Resources of Northeast China is famous for the fertile soil, the organic matter content was high, loose soil, the most suitable for farming and to carry out the important task of the country's major commodity grain base. Therefore, the occurrence and development of erosion ditch a serious threat to the national food security and constrains economic and social sustainable development.This paper taking the typical Kedong in Heilongjiang Province as a case study area, the occurrence and development of soil erosion in the Black Soil Area in Northeast China has a certain degree of representativeness. In Remote Sensing and GIS technology, supported by this paper in 1965 Corona and 2005 Spot high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, combined with field survey, the establishment of Black Soil erosion ditch Remote Sensing image interpretation signs, through remote sensing images for human-computer interaction solution translation, access to Kedong typical area in 1965 and 2005 two periods of erosion ditch maps. On this basis, discussed the amount of erosion ditch in the study area, density, phagocytosis, and phagocytosis of arable land expansion of dynamic change, erosion ditch differentiation characteristics of slope length, slope differentiation characteristics, slope characteristics and the erosion ditch differentiation change and vegetation cover, land-use type of relationship, revealing a typical Black Soil Area for over 40 years of dynamic changes of gully erosion features and Spatial Distribution.Under the support of Remote Sensing and GIS technology, discussed the typical Black Soil Area gully erosion dynamics and spatial variation rule, the results showed that: the typical Black Soil gully erosion had a significant increase in the number of trench in Kedong County in the recent 40 years; various townships sharp increase of the erosion of ditch density; erosion ditch swallow swallowed farmland expansion of cultivated area, as well as causing food production is declining dramatically, bringing serious economic loss; The vegetation degree of coverage is higher, the stronger the surface resistance to corrosion, the gully ditch density is lower; erosion of ditch density increases with the slope first increases and then decreases; in different slope upward, the soil erosion performance is higher than the shady side for the sunny slope, the slope is higher than the leeward slope against the wind the characteristic; erosion of ditch density increases with the slope length decreases; land-use changes are an important reason to accelerate soil erosion, deforestation should be ecologically fragile areas caused by the implementation of returning farmland to forest, protection forest, grassland and marsh wetlands, the ecological importance of the regional socio-economic sustainable development, adjusting the agricultural structure and improve land management.