Effect Of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel And Argy Wormwood Leaf On Milk Flavor, Rumen Environment And Blood Biochemical Indexes Of Dairy Cows

The volatile substances of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine peel and Argy Wormwood leaf were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.The effects of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf on feed intake, milk yield, milk quality and flavor, rumen environment and blood biochemical indexes of dairy cows were studied using the techniques of sensory analysis, GC-MS and Rumen fistula.The total study incuded four chapters.In Chapter 1 the volatile substances of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf were analized.The volatile substances of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the main compounds of Perilla Frutescens were Perillaldehyde, Eucalyptol, Limonene, Caryophyllene, Bornyl Chloride, Eugenol, Apiol,α-Cubebene,α-Caryophyllene and 1R-α-Pinene. The main compounds of Tangerine Peel were Limonene,γ-Tepinene andβ-Myrcene. The main compounds of Argy Wormwood Leaf were Absynthol, Eucalyptol, 1R-α-Pinene, Globulol, 3.3.6-trimethyl-1.5-heptaclien-4-ol, Caryophyuene and Borneol. In chapter 2 the effect of the Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf on feed intake, milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows were studied.Twelve healty Chinese Holstein dairy cows with same parity, good condition, similar body weight, stable performance and similar milk yield were selected in the experiment by a 4×4 Latin square design and were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 in each group. Perilla Frutescens (group A), Tangerine Peel (group B) and Argy Wormwood Leaf (group C) were given to the cows fed on basal diet with the dosage of 0,300,600 and 900grams per day per cow.The results showed that:1. The Perilla Frutescens could decrease the feed intake of dairy cows, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).The feed intake of dairy cows increased in first and decreased at last with the increased of Tangerine Peel or Argy Wormwood Leaf, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).2. The milk yield of dairy cows increased in first and decreased at last with the increased of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel or Argy Wormwood Leaf, and the Perilla FrutescensⅢwas significantly higher than Perilla FrutescensⅠ(P<0.05) in group A; the Tangerine PeelⅡ,Ⅲwere significantly higher than Tangerine PeelⅠ(P<0.05) in group B; There were no significantly differences among other groups. 3. With the increase of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf , the change of milk fat, milk protein, lactose, milk total solids and milk urea nitrogen were not statistically significant (P>0.05), but the Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf could decrease significantly the SCC(P<0.05).4. The antibiotic residue was not detected by TTC method.Chapter 3 Effect of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf on milk flavor of Dairy CowsThe milk flavor was analyzed by sensory evaluation and GC-MS. The results showed that the Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf had an effect on color, off-flavor, milk flavor, uniformity coefficient, sweetness, palatability degree and overall receptivity.The Perilla Frutescens could significantly improved milk flavor; the Tangerine Peel played a role in improvement of milk flavor, but the effect was not significant; the Argy Wormwood Leaf had unfavorable effects on milk flavor. The Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf all improved the color and uniformity coefficient of milk, Controlled the production of milk off-flavor; the Perilla Frutescens had more significant influences on milk flavor and palatability degree; in terms of overall receptivity, Perilla Frutescens had better influences on sensory characteristics of milk. The test group could be detected specific volatile substances of appropriate additives. The volatile substances included Perillaldehyde, Eucalyptole, Cubenene, 9-Octadecenoic acid Methyl Ester, Isopropyl Palmitate, Bornyl, Chloride were detected in group A (Perilla Frutescens); the volatile substances included Limonene,γ-Elemene, Ethyl Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Oleanol were detected in group B (Tangerine Peel).The volatile substances included Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene Oxide, Cineole, Absinthol, Borneol, Carveol were detected in group C (Argy Wormwood Leaf).Chapter 4 Effect of Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf on rumen environment and blood biochemical indexes of Dairy CowsFour Chinese Holstein dairy cows with permanent rumen fistulas were selected in the experiment. The four dairy cows were all under good condition and with similar body weight. The experiment was design by a 4×4 Latin square design. The experiment divided into 4 groups, they were control group, groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ. The control group was treated with the basic ration, and the tested groups were added respectively with Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf. The addition level is 600g/d for each dairy cow. The results show that:1. The Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf could stable rumen pH, decrease concentration of NH3-N and percentage content of butyric acid, increase concentration of MCP, acetic acid concentration, percentage content of acetic acid, and total concentration of VFA. The Perilla Frutescens and Argy Wormwood Leaf could increase propionic acid concentration and percentage content of propionic acid; the Tangerine Peel could decrease propionic acid concentration and percentage content of propionic acid; the Perilla Frutescens and Tangerine Peel could increase butyric acid concentration and acetate / propionate ratio; the Argy Wormwood Leaf could decrease butyric acid concentration and acetate / propionate ratio.2. The Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf could decrease TP, GLB, BUN and GLU; and they could increase ALT. The Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel could decrease ALB and ALP; the Argy Wormwood Leaf could increase ALB and ALP. The Perilla Frutescens and Argy Wormwood Leaf could increase A/G ratio; the Tangerine Peel could decrease A/G ratio. The Perilla Frutescens could decrease AST; the Tangerine Peel and Argy Wormwood Leaf could increase AST. The Perilla Frutescens and Argy Wormwood Leaf could increase STLT; the Perilla Frutescens, Tangerine Peel could decrease STLT.