Molecular Cytogenetics Study On Derivatives Of Triticum Aestivum L. And S. Cereale L. With Disease Resistance

There is abundant genetic variation in the relatives of wheat, which is the important source of useful genes in the genetic improvement of Triticum aestivum, one of the related species of wheat,is the most soon and the most successful species to improve wheat in Triticeae. In this paper, wheat-rye derivatives of wheat and rye are identified by means of morphological character recognition, cytogenetic analysis and molecular test including chromosome C-banding and simple sequence repeat (SSR), the results are as following:1. The wheat-rye derivatives were in the same type by means of chromosome numbers of root tip cells (RTC) and chromosome configurations of pollen mother cells (PMC),The karyotype of two groups (N9817,N9820) all were 2n=42=21II;2. The karyotype of two groups (N9817,N9820) all the length of leaves was shorter than the parentages, but the width longer than the parentage's. The grains per spike of N9817 and N9820 were more than S.ecale cereale L's, although their spikelets were less than parentages;3. Identification of resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust indicated that N9817 and N9820 which were similar to rye were immune to powdery mildew and stripe rust;4. According to the analysis of the N9820 and Abbondanza II Hybrid PMC MI of F1 generation, the chromosome configuration was 20 bivalents and two univalents, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 20II +2I. The situation showed N9820 was the wheat - rye disomic substitution lines;5. SSR results showed that rye-specific primers, TSM716 and TSM621could amplify the rye in the N9817 about 190bp, 150bp specific band. As the primers TSM716 and TSM621 were located in the 1RS rye chromosome, while the primers on the 1RL did not amplify specific band, furthermore we may explain N9817 was wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation line;6. SSR results showed that rye-specific primer, WMS44c which was located on rye chromosome 6R in N9820, could amply stably the specific fragment of 140bp. The wheat primers Xwmc487,Barc24,Cfd49 and Barc5 could amply separately the specific bands about 180bp,320bp,450bp,120bp in N9820. As the primers Cfd4 and Barc5 were located on the long/short arm 6B of the Triticum aestivum chromosome and the primers Cfd49 and Barc24 on the 6D, furthermore we may explain N9820 possessed the chromosomes 6B and 6D of the wheat, but all the primers could not amply the specific band 6A. According to the analysis of side-on coordination and result of Microsatellite of the primer WMS44c, it was indicated that the chromosome 6A in N9820 was in place of 6R, so N9820 was confirmed disomic substitution lines,6A(6R);7. High molecular weight gluten in subunit (HMW-GS) results showed that: high molecular weight subunits of N9817 (1,14 +15,2 +12) were more 14 +15 than the female parent which came from the male parent.