| The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Glutamine (Gin) on the morphology of intestinal villi and cellular energy synthesis in weaning piglets. Ninety-six Duroc×Landrace×L. Yorkshire piglets weaning at the age of 21 days were randomly divided into two groups, with 3 repeats in each group and 15piglets in every repeat. The control group were fed basic ration and the trial group were fed basic ration with additional 1%Gin. The experiment lasted for 15 days starting from weaning. All the piglets were weighed at the Osday postweaningt,7thday postweaning, 14thday postweaning, and the 21st day postweaning of the trial, respectively. Diarrhea incidence was recorded everyday.At the 0st,7th and 14th day after weaning, piglets were orally infused with 1 ml 10%D-xylose solution and then the serum was collected and reserved in-70℃for the purpose of determining the concentration of D-xylose.At the 0st,3rd,7th, and 14th day postweaning, piglets were slaughtered and collected the samples of serum, intestinal mucosa and segments.The content of total protein, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), Gin and disaccharidase in serum were measured. In order to study the effects on cellular energy synthesis, indices including ATP, cGMP, cAMP, NO and NOS, etc. were determined.Results showed that the average daily gain(ADG) and feed gain ratio(F/G) in the trial group were significantly improved and diarrhea incidence was significantly reduced. Compared with control, the ADG of the trial group was increased by 27.99%(P<0.05) in the period of 1st-7th day postweaning,16.85%(P<0.05) in 7th-14th day postweaning, and 20.49%(P<0.05) in 14th-21st day postweaning. The F/G was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the trial group than in the control group in every period. Compared with control, the diarrhea incidence of the trial group was reduced by 23.89%(P>0.05) in the first week postweaning and 60.03%(P<0.05) in the second week.Results also showed that the concentration of D-xylose in serum was significantly decreased after weaning, and that Gln could enhance the intestinal absorptive function. Compared with control, the concentration of xylose in the serum of the trial group was increased by 62.01% (P<0.05) at the 7th day,33.03%(P<0.05) at the 14th day and 42.71%(P<0.05) at the 21st day.According to the results, the serum total protein level of control was significantly lowered after weaning while that of the trial group was not. Compared with control, the serum total protein level of the trial was increased by 41.42%(P<0.01) at the 3rd day postweaning,16.53%(P<0.05) at the 5th day postweaning and22.11%(P<0.05)at the 7th day postweaning. In addition, adding Gin to the ration decreased the urea nitrogen content in serum. Compared with the control group, the urea nitrogen content of control piglets was decreased by 39.48%(P<0.01) at the 3rd day after weaning,12.31%at the 5th day,29.34%(P<0.05) at the 7th day, and 30.64%(P<0.05) at the 14th day.Adding 1%Gin to the ration could prevent villus atrophy and crypt deepening after weaning. Compared with control, the villus height of duodenum was increased by 18.38%(P<0.05, the jejunum was increased by 9.94%and the ileum was increased by 27.44%(P<0.01) at the 5th day after weaning,, and at the 7th day, the data were 22.42%(P<0.05),18.17%(P<0.05) and 13.63% (P<0.05) respectively. Compared with control, the villus width of the trial piglets was increased by 24.45 (P<0.01),37.45 (P<0.01) and 21.10%(P<0.05) at the 5th day. The crypt depth of each group was increased after weaning. At the 5th day after weaning, compared with control, the duodenum crypt depth of the trial group was reduced by 18.80%(P<0.05), the jejunum 14.48% and the ileum 23.94%(P<0.05). In addition, according to the intestinal slice, the mucosa atrophy was significantly relieved compared with control.The ATP content in the intestinal mucosa of the trial group was significantly increased compared with control. At the 3rd day after weaning, the ATP content in the duodenal mucosa of the trial group was increased by 19.30%(P<0.05), the jejunal 24.94%(P<0.05) and the ileum 17.79%(P<0.05) compared with control. At the 5th day, the data was 18.19%(P<0.05),32.74% (P<0.05) and 27.28%(P<0.05).respectively.At the 3rd day after weaning, compared with control, the NO content of duodenal and jejunal mucosa was increased by 47.5%(P<0.05) and 43.38%(P<0.05), respectively. The NOS content of intestinal mucosa decreased after weaning. But no significant difference was found.There was significant difference between the cAMP contents of intestinal mucosa of the two groups at the 3rd day after weaning. At the 3rd day, the cAMP content of the duodenum and ileum mucosa was increased by 32.75%(P<0.05) and 34.05%(P<0.05) compared with control, respectively.In conclusion,adding Glutamine to the ration can improve the growth performance of weanling pigs, prevent intestinal mucosa atrophy and enhance the ATP synthesis in intestinal.
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