| Potato has been the third most important crop in Guizhou with the adjustment of planting structure. Due to the rapid development of the cultivated area, Corresponding culture technique for high yield and quality is in need urgently for the rapid increasing of planting area; So it has been the main development direction to generalize intercropping and interplanting adding for relative lack of farmland resources and the ever-increasing potato diseases caused by sole cropping and continuous cropping. Previous research of intercropping and interplanting mainly concentrated on culture technique such as the row spacing and planting density et al. which was in little relation to fertilization. And there were no reports about nitrogen nutrition, rational fertilization and nutritional effect of nitrogen in the intercropping of potato with maize or other crop. A field experiment was carried out to research effects of nitrogen usage and type on potato growth, yield and quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of potato/maize intercropping and potato/kidney bean intercropping. The main results are as follows:1.Effects of potato/maize intercropping and potato/kidney bean intercropping on yield and quality of potato and NPK absorption and nitrogen utilization efficiency vary from one to another. The yield was very significantly increased as the number of potatoes was increased by potato/kidney bean intercropping which was higher than that of sole cropping and continuous cropping by 17.16-18.83% and 7.7-10.7% respectively, crude protein in tuber and nitrogen content of plant were significantly increased either with the content of starch decreased; There was no significant difference between Plant heights, stem diameters and the concentrations of N, P of the two intercropping modes, but K concentration in plant, nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, physiological utilization efficiency and agronomic utilization efficiency of potato/kidney bean intercropping were all significantly higher than that of potato/maize intercropping.2. Potato growth, yield, quality, the absorption of NPK and nitrogen utilization efficiency in the different intercropping model were significantly affected by nitrogen level. Plant height, stem diameter, the number of tuber, the ratio of large and middle tuber, crude protein content and the concentration of NPK in plant were enhanced with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer at three levels of nitrogen which were NO, N12.8and N16. The yields of N12.8 and N16 were respectively increased by 26.79% and 34.44% which were significantly higher than NO. The nitrogen utilization efficiency of N16 was significantly higher than N12.8 but the nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency was lower. There were no significant differences between Vc contents and dry matter contents at different nitrogen levels.3.Potato growth, yield, quality, NPK absorption, nitrogen utilization efficiency were also significantly influenced by nitrogen form. Plant height, stem diameter, the number of tuber and yield (increased by 15.73% and 13.49% respectively) were significantly enhanced by ammonium nitrogen and amido nitrogen comparing with nitrate nitrogen. The crude protein content and Vc content of tuber, concentration of NPK of plant, absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and the agronomical utilization efficiency were improved by ammonium nitrogen comparing with the other two nitrogen forms, but significantly reduced the content of reducing sugar and starch and physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen. There were no significant differences between ratios of large and medium tuber and dry matter contents of the three nitrogen forms.4. There were significant interactive effects between nitrogen levels and intercropping modes on plant height, the number of tuber, yield, crude protein content, reducing sugar content, Vc content, NPK concentration per plant and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Plant height, yield (up to 48246.3 kg/hm2), crude protein content, NPK concentration per plant, physiological utilization efficiency, agronomical utilization efficiency of potato/kidney bean intercropping N16, were all the highest among the nine treatments except the highest tuber number, Vc content, absorption and (?)tilization of sole cropping N16, potato/kidney bean intercropping N12.8 and sole cropping N12.8, respectively. There were no interactive effects between two factors on stem diameter, ratio of big and middle tuber, phosphorus content per plant, and physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen.5.There were significant interactive effects between nitrogen form and intercropping on plant height, the number of tuber, the ratio of large and middle tuber, crude protein content, starch content, reducing sugar content, NPK concentration per plant, nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency and agronomical utilization efficiency. Plant height and starch content of amide nitrogen of potato/kidney bean intercropping treatment fertilized with amide nitrogen fertilizer were the highest, and the number of tubers, crude protein content, NK content, yield(up to 50006.5kg/hm2)of which fertilized with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer were the highest. Absorption and utilization efficiency of sole cropping treatment fertilized with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer was the highest with the highest agronomy utilization efficiency fertilized with amide nitrogen fertilizer. But there were no interactive effect on stem diameter, dry matter content, P content and physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen. |
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