| As the major component of urban green space system, the urban woodlands is a complex of interaction between the natural ecological system and social economic system, playing with multiple functions,such as purify air, abate noise, cooling humidify, adjust the microclimate, recreation and so on. With the acceleration of urbanization, the urban forest suffered varying degrees of destruction, lots of building materials, large inflatable entertainment facilities, roads and other artificial elements took the place of the woodlands, and cut the ecological flow. Ignored the ecological balance and stable, led to growing landscape fragmentation degree, urban ecological environment deteriorating. So, In the limited space of city, preserving the ecological stability, keeping the regular flow of ecological flow, and the optimization of landscape structurethere are worth studying. It is not only related to the city's overall image and the landscape pattern, but also as the prerequisite and foundation of economic, political, cultural and social development. Also, the relationship between the human survival and development environment.This study chose from chongqing south waterfront road to nanshan scenic ridgeline as the range of object. Mainly used of landscape ecology theory and research methods, and software CAD, R2V,Arcview GIS3.3, Fragstats3.3 etc, to study and analysis the influence of different urbanization to the Chongqing's landscape situation, discuss the changings of mountain city forest landscape features causing by human activitys. First, analysis the landscape features of chongqing main city mountain, then select the typical representative of south waterfront road to nanshan scenic ridgeline as the range of object. According to the field investigation samples, divide into different types of forest, and study the patches feature of different forest types, the corridor feature and the feature of whole forest landscape pattern system. And then select the indexes which would comprehensively reflect the study area's landscape pattern to quantize, analysis the landscape gradient further according to the different types of forest. Finally, from the standpoint of landscape visual, viewing in chongqing chao tianmen wharf,evaluate the landscape quality of different types of forest and the view relationship between the Building height with the background mountain.This study aimed to provide the reference for different urbanization process anthropogenic interference circumstance in the urban construction and discusses harmonious transition method which the realization of natural landscape and artificial mountain city landscape. The major findings are as follows:(1)Through investigation and analysis and according to the land type, divided research areas into seven classification such as woodland, open woodland, transportation, waters, land and rigid pavement construction, agricultural land and wasteland. Calculation results showed that the area of forest patches have the largest percentage, for 51.4%; Water area is the smallest in the proportion; The patche quantity of building and hard surfacing land are the most, up to 625,shape index are the largest, about 211.7; Woodland have the largest patche area index and polymerization index. This shows that man-made landscape elements covered large area but with the scattered distribution in the research scope, in contrast, natural forest patches are concentrated. The whole landscape type are uneven distribution, diversity obviously. Majority in the woodland, forming the landscape green barrier of research areas.(2) In study area, the type of landscape corridor is single and mainly the road corridor, no river corridor and ecological corridor. General pattern take on three vertical distribution, the corridor system from west to the east are deficiency and the concentration and connection level is low. Not only the original forest be separated, but also cut off the west to the east-ecological flow.(3) According to the trees and ecology feature of research area,woodland will be divided into Seven types by the main tree species:evergreen broad-leaved forest-1, evergreen broad-leaved forest-2, deciduous broad-leaved forest-1, deciduous broad-leaved forest-2, bambusoideae, pinus massoniana forest and other coniferous forest. Choose indexs can reflect the characteristics of different types of forest,such as landscape area, the number of patches, patches density, aggregation index, similar adjacency percentage, shannon diversity index, shannon evenness index, fragmentation index and so on. The results of analysis:evergreen broad-leaved forest-1 has the maximum number of patches, landscape area and patches density; Deciduous broad-leaved forest-2 is the second of the number of patches and patches density; Pinus massoniana forest has high patches area and patches density. The whole woodland patches have higher density landscape and fragmentation.The shape of patch complex and landscape dominance is not obviou, evenness index is 0.63.Especially, the evergreen broad-leaved forest-1 and deciduous broad-leaved forest-1 have serious landscape fragmentation under the interference of strong human activities.(4) The landscape has significant gradient in the study area.Through the four crossing gradient sample ribbons's study which form the South waterfront road to Nanshan scenic area, the coverage ratio of woodland green in horizontal is rise gradually increasing roughly with the elevations gradient, but the number and the density of the patch in decreasing; In the aspect of landscape heterogeneity, the results as, diversity index decreased gradually in the forest, evenness index increased, but the degree of landscape fragmentation reduced, explained that human activities to the forest landscape has obvious gradient, the natural landscape interference away from urban areas is low, and have better ecological environment. By the different types woodlands analysis, the results is that the distribution area of evergreen broad-leaved forest-1 at the advantage in the whole gradient sample,but distribution is scattered. However, the distribution of pinus massoniana is concentrated and the plaques area is larger. Open woodland revealed a edge effect, and become transition between suburb and coniferous forest green.(5) Through the analysis of landscape vision, research area with broad vision scope in the perspective of chao tianmen wharf. Landscape sight along the river-city-suburbs-natural scenic spot with administrative levels. Along the river, the building height have not been unity control. The style and volume of architecture affected the overall effect in certain areas. Forest landscape vegetation types presents gradient. But should entirety consider the season and vegetation colour etc, make good outline of the horizon. |
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