Determination Of Fusarium Mycotoxins And Its Contamination Analysis In Wheat

Wheat scab or wheat fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae (Schw) Petch, occurred annually in the south winter wheat areas, the northeast spring wheat areas and the Huang-Huai winter wheat areas of China. It has been reported that Fusarium graminearum is the predominant species. FHB not only caused the severe loss of grain yield, but also caused grain contamination with several Fusarium mycotoxins, such as Deoxynivalenol (DON), Fumonisin, T-2 and Zearalenone (ZON) mycotoxins, and damaged healthiness of mankind and livestocks. More knowledge of the condition of the Fusarium mycotoxins'distribution and pollution in wheat in the different wheat growing areas in China would provide an useful aids to the control of wheat scab and Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat production.ELISA kits prepared from mycotoxins specific antibodies was used to determine the content of DON, Fumonisin, T-2 and ZON mycotoxins in 183 winter wheat cultivars (lines) and 46 spring wheat cultivars (lines) from different wheat growing areas in China, and comparative analysis of the content and contamination rate of the four Fusarium mycotoxins was conducted. The results showed that the contamination of the Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat grains was widely distributed but low content according with national standards at the natural infection level. The average concentration of the DON mycotoxin was 73.87μg/kg, which was the highest of the 4 Fusarium mycotoxins. Comparative analysis of the content of the four Fusarium mycotoxins showed that the DON, Fumonisin and T-2 mycotoxins in different wheat growing areas existed significant differences (P<0.01), but ZON mycotoxin in all the groups were not significant differences (P>0.05). The DON content in spring wheat from the northeast late-maturing spring wheat areas was the highest, and there were significant differences from other groups. Comparative analysis of the contamination rate of the four Fusarium mycotoxins indicated that the DON and ZON mycotoxins in all the groups were significant differences (P＜0.01) while the Fumonisin and T-2 mycotoxins in all the groups were not significant differences (P>0.05). The contamination rate of the DON and ZON in the northeast late-maturing spring wheat areas were highest in all of the groups. The results were consistent with the distribution of the wheat scab epidemic region in China.The average concentration of DON mycotoxin was the highest in 4 Fusarium mycotoxins, therefore a protocol for determination of DON in wheat by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was established. The sample was extracted with water. Filtrate was cleaned up by DON test HPLC affinity cartridges. The DON was separated on Symmetry C18 column, detected by UV-detector and quantified by external standard. Wheat seeds samples were fortified with DON at different levels. This procedure could contribute to a DON recoveries of 86.11%～95.24%, variation coefficients of 0.88%～2.59% and detection limit of 0.1 mg/kg, which can be used for the detection of DON mycotoxin in wheat seeds in future.