| Rice is main starch foodstuff in china. Starch stores in rice endosperm, and many genes involved in starch synthesis. So studying the relation of single gene and grain quality is difficult to explain the extensive variance. At the same time, the extensive variance to the multiple alleles and the genetic effects of starch-synthesis genes are not clear, So studying the realation of starch-synthesis genes with polymorphism and expression and rice high-quality will possibly provide some guidance and theoretical basis for rice high-quality breeding.This paper used 129 rice germplasms with wide source and representative for analysing the identification of indica and japonica in morphology and molecular level and character of 23 grain guality traits in two years; This study used ECOTILLING to analyse 27 starch-synthesis genes SNP polymorphism in 129 rice varieties; This study used quantitative PCR to analyze the gene expression of 8 endosperm starch-synthesis genes of 114 rice materials with closed growth stage in different grain filling stage. Main results were summarized as follows:1. 129 rice materials were classified two kinds of indica rice and japonica rice by chen's index and indica-japonica specialization markers. And the classified results was basically indentical by two methods. But classification of indica-japonica specialization markers was easier to determine what type of material among the attributes of indica and japonica in middle type.2. In the aspects of garin quality: Milling quality , the variation trend was the same essentially of brown rice rate,head milled rice rate and milled rice rate in indica and japonica , and BR,MR were small, HR was large. Appearance quality, indica rice owned more slender grain shape than japonica rice's, but the chalkiness trait, whiteness and translucency were ratherish worse than japonica rice's; Nutritional quality, the variation trend was the same essentially of protein content in indica and japonica, and had great influence by environment. The eating and cooking quality, the environmental effece of the amylose content of different rice material types was different, in which the environmental effects of indica was smaller;The heredity of alkali spreading value was stable in indica and japonica, and were essentially unregulated by environment; Gel consistency and the amylose content were closely related in indica and japonica; 8 starch RVA parameters of indica and japonica, in which SB was the largest variation, followed by the BD and CS, while the coefficient of variation for two years in PaT was relatively small, PeT's coefficient of variation of the two years had greater relation with types of materials.3. According to correlation analysis: In the indica materials, L / W , CGR and CGD were very significant negative correlation; Chalkiness traits and starch viscosity properties were closely related; WGD with PaT and PeT meetde the very significant negative correlation; T with PaT and PeT were extremely significant positive correlation; PC with PKV very significantly negative related ; AC and ASV were a highly significant positive correlation, with the GC were a very significant negative correlation; In japonica rice materials, among the AC,GC and ASV three traits were not significantly correlated; In the indica and japonica materials, BRL and HPV were very significant negative correlation, and with the CGR were significant negative correlation; L / W with HPV and PeT were highly significant negative correlation; The eight characters of RVA profiles were closely related.4. With the Nipponbare genome sequence, comparison analysis showed that : 113 sites of the 27 starch-synthesis related genes were detected 503 mutation sites, a single bit in the group detected an average of 4.6 variants, the single site in the group average mutation frequency was 54.4%, a single gene in the population average mutation frequency of 86.3%, an average of each species in 113 sites of mutation frequency was 55.0%, the average mutation rate of 88 indica rice was 60.2%, the average mutation rate of 41 japonica rice was 44.3% . In the case of detection the same number of primers, the type of haplotype with a single gene in the 129 materials had huge difference; With the increase of detection primers, the kind of haplotype type in a single gene in the 129 materials was increasing. The distribution of haplotypes with Certain number genes in the indica and japonica subspecies were seriously unbalance and there were strong indica-japonica differentiation tendencies.5. According to the association analysis: starch-synthesis related genes and grain quality traits shown the significant role of one gene for multi-efficiency and multi genes for one-efficiency; The 9-13 exons zone of Wx played also a very important role same as the first intron of Wx in cooking and eating quality of rice; OsAGPL1 had close relation to the AC of japnoica and reached contribution rate of 35.13% ; OsAGPL3-4 related with grain shape of indica; OsPUL-5 associated with grain shape of japonica too.6. The expression of AGPL1 had significant indica-japonica differentiation tendencies; AGPL1 played an important role in significant difference of AC,GC,HPV,CPV,CS and SB with indica and japonica; In general, 5d after flowering is a critical period to determine rice grain quality. |
PDF Full Text Request