The Study On Growth And Development Turf Characteristics Of Koeleria Cristata (L.) Pers Under Cultivations

This dissertation presents a study on the life history and turf characteristics of Koeleria cristata(L.) from two distribution range in 2007 and 2008.Evapotranspiration from June to September of K.cristata and Poa pratensis(L.) were measured under different water treatments.Analysis on the difference of eco-physiology of K.cristata and P.pratensis under different water treatments was done.At the same time high spectral reflectance rate of three turfgrass was measured under different water treatments.Major conclusions are following:1.Seedling emergence date of K.cristata from two distribution range is 43 days.They arrive at the most seedling emergence rate after seeding for 35 days.Seedling emergence rate of K.cristata from DaQingShan is higher than that of from ZhaoHe and its average die rate per day is higher.The transplanted survival rate arrives at 90% above all under different transplantation via tillers.2.One-year-old plants of K.cristata don't bring sexual reproductive and only bring vegetative growth under cultivations.Leaf length,leaf width,height,tiller of numbers of K.cristata from ZhaoHe are higher than that of from DaQingShan.All characteristics of two-year-old plants of K.cristata are higher than one-year-old plants. Two-year-old plants of K.cristata start reproductive growth.Its green-date is for 260 days in Hohhot and it regreens in early March.Seeds maturate in late June.Its average productive tiller percentage is 42±14.5%and average fruit-set percentage is 51±12%. Average weight of seeds of every plant is 2.297±1.1g and it can bring 10319±503 of seeds.Its average weight of 1000 seeds is 0.2194±0.1g.All of reproductive characteristic of K.cristata from DaQingShan is higher than that of ZhaoHe.3.The number of clipping of K.cristata from DaQingShan,K.cristata from ZhaoHe and P.pratensis respectively is 5,4,and 9 times between July to November in order to make turf height not more than 15cm.4.Height of three turfgrass is highest in 60%FC and lowest in 40%FC in July.Height of K.cristata from DaQingShan still is highest in 60%FC,but height of other turfgrass is highest in 80%FC.At the same water treatments height of K.cristata is low than P.pratensis.Height of K.cristata from ZhaoHe is higher than that of K. cristata from DaQingShan in 80%FC and 60%FC,but in 40%FC K.cristata from DaQingShan is higher than K.cristata from ZhaoHe about height.Tiller of numbers of K.cristata from DaQingShan and P.pratensis arrives at maximum in 80%FC,and K.cristata from ZhaoHe is in 60%FC.5.Cover degree of three turfgrass can arrive at 50%above all in most periods under 60%FC water treatments and that is higher than that of under 80%FC water treatments. Taking one with another,at the same water treatments K.cristata from DaQingShan is higher than K.cristata from ZhaoHe significantly in cover degree.K.cristata from ZhaoHe demands in 60%FC according to cover degree.However,K.cristata from DaQingShan and P.pratensis are in 40%FC at least water treatments.Clipping weight of K.cristata is lower than that of P.pratensis most time significantly.6.The change of net photosynthesis rate and evaporation rate differs under different water treatments.Net photosynthesis rate of K.cristata from DaQingShan is higher than that of K.cristata from ZhaoHe's.K.cristata from ZhaoHe' water utilization efficientcy is higher than K.cristata from DaQingShan.7.Underground biomass of K.cristata is most under 60%FC treatments under different water treatments.It suggests that 60%FC fits on its growth.P.pratensis's is most under 80%FC treatment.Order of underground biomass of turfgrass is: P.pratensis＞K.cristata from DaQingShan＞K.cristata from ZhaoHe.Underground biomass below 0-13cm and 13-26cm is same as underground biomass.Turfgrass's underground biomass mainly focuses on below 0-13cm.The shoot/root of P.pratensis is biggest and K.cristata from ZhaoHe's is smallest.8.Average of ET per day K.cristata from DaQingShan,K.cristata from ZhaoHe and P.pratensis respectively is 4.77,3.99和6.32 mm.d^-1;ET per month is at maximum in July and at minimum in September.Order of ET per month and general ET is K. cristata from ZhaoHe＜K.cristata from DaQingShan＜P.pratensis.General ET of K. cristata is lower than P.pratensis.at 42.96%,31.93%.ET of K.cristata from ZhaoHe is lower than K.cristata from DaQingShan at 32.2%,12.7%和19.3%under three water treatments.9.Irrigation water of K.cristata is lower than that of P.pratensis significantly.Under 40%FC,60%FC and 80%FC treatments,order of irrigation water is P.pratensis＞K. cristata from DaQingShan＞K.cristata from ZhaoHe.Cover degree of K.cristata from DaQingShan and P.pratensis arrive at 50%under 40%FC treatment and the former saves water at 90.64%than the latter.Cover degree of three turf are above 50%under 60%FC treatment while K.cristata from DaQingShan and K.cristata from ZhaoHe save at 50.47%and 72.58%.K.cristata from ZhaoHe may save at 87.24% under 80%FC treatment but its turf develops very worsely.K.cristata from DaQingShan saves at 64.86%than P.pratensis.When developing turf,K.cristata from ZhaoHe's soil water content should be hold at 60%FC and K.cristata from DaQingShan should be hold at 40%FC.10.The highest correlation between canopy leaf water content and spectral reflectance rate of K.cristata from DaQingShan,K.cristata from ZhaoHe and P.pratensis respectively is at 931 nm,1033nm and 456nm;the highest correlation of spectral index respectively is NDVI(970,506),GI(800/506 and GI(970,463);spectral index that at one time detects their canopy leaf water content is GI(837/506),GI(826/506) and GI(800/506).The best index that detect three turfgrass' water content respectively is spectral reflectance rate at 931nm,spectral reflectance at 1033nm and NDVI(970,463). K.cristata,which grows low and thickly,can accomplish normal life history in Hohhot.It develops shoot fast,turns turf fast,grows slow and resistance against clipping.Its survival rate is very high and has drought resistant and water saving.K. cristata has very high turf characteristics.When developing turf,K.cristata from ZhaoHe's soil water content should be hold at 60%FC and K.cristata from DaQingShan should be hold at 40%FC.