Preliminary Study Of Endophytic Fungi From The Plants Grown In Alpine Grassland And Its Antifungal Activity

Five kinds of plants grown in alpine grassland including Elymus dahuricus Turcz., Carex heterostachys Bunge, Kobresia capillifolia (Decne.)C.B.Clarke, Achnatherum inebrians (Hance)Keng and Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel. were collected at different time of May, August and October, 2008 for the isolation of fungal endophytes. The experimental results are as follow:1. 62 different endophytic fungal strains were isolated from 5 kinds of plants by method of tissue isolation. The strains'colony characteristics on PDA were observed and recorded, the results showed that they had diversiform colony characteristics. There were 41 strains produced spores among 62 strains. The 41 strains were preliminary identified to be 15 genera by morphologic method. The 15 genera consist of Alternaria C.G.Nees, Helminthosporium Link, Fusarium Link, Ovularia Sacc, Penicillium Link, Tubercularia Tode, Septoria Sacc., Periconia Tode, Graphium Corda, Monilia Persoon, Thielaciopsis Went, Acremonium Link, Choanephora, Phoma Sacc. and Cephalosporium Corda. There were also 21 strains which didn't produce spores, so they were not to be identified to genera.2. The growth conditions of the endophytic fungi on PDA medium at different temperature conditions were tested, the results showed that 23 strains growed most quickly at the temperature of 20℃which account for 37.1% of all the strains; 22 strains growed most quickly at the temperature of 25℃which account for 35.48% of all the strains; 17 strains growed most quickly at temperature of 28℃which account for 27.42% of all the strains.The growth conditions of the endophytic fungi on different media were tested, too. The results showed that 17 strains couldn't grow on MM medium which account for 27% of all the strains; All the strains growed much more quickly on PDA medium than that on MM medium.3. With Rhizoctonia solani(short for R-1), Bipolaris sorokiniana(short for B-1), Pythium ultimum (short for P-1) and Fusarium oxysporium(shot for F-1)as tested fungi, the antifungal activities of the isolated endophytic fungi were tested preliminarily. The results showed that 67.21% of the strains had antifungal activities, in which 61.29% had antifungal activities on Bipolaris sorokiniana, and 3 of them had obvoius inhibition zone; 17.74% of the strains had antifungal activities on Rhizoctonia solani, in which 2 strains had obvious inhibition zone; 12.90% of the strains had anfungal activities on Pythium ultimum, in which 1 strain had obvious inhibition zone; 52.23% of the strains had antifungal activites on Fusarium oxysporium, in which no strain had obvious inhibition zone.The colony characristics of endophytic fungi and part of spore mophology were photoed.