Affect Of Whole Covering On Double Ridges And Planting In Catchment Furrows Maize On Yield Increase Of Dry Land

Considering the problem of insufficient water resources in agricultural production of farmland area and water use efficiency by traditional cultivation, the studies on the maize yield, agronomic traits, dry matter, leaf area index and soil moisture, temperature was conducted by different film-covering modes, as well as whole covering on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (WCDR-PCF) at different stages. The results showed that:1. Among the cultural conditions (pre-sowing covering, sluch covering, and autumn covering) of WCDR-PCF, the growth and development of corn was hastened and the phenophase was shortened correspondingly, especially the treatment of autumn covering. The growing period by autumn covering was shortened by 5 d compared to pre-sowing covering and sluch covering both of which had no significant difference and by 10 d compared to carvel-built and sluch covering and by 11～13 d compared to half film-covering modes; While the growing period by the pre-sowing covering and sluch covering WCDR-PCF was shortened by 5 d compared to carvel-built and sluch covering and by 6⁸ d compared to half film-covering modes.2. The time of plant height and stem diameter under the WCDR-PCF especially for autumn covering tending to be stable was earlier than other treatments.3. WCDR-PCF could increase soil moisture. The average soil moisture of all treatments in July showed that: autumn covering was 14.35%, sluch covering was 12.96%, pre-sowing covering was 11.82% and carvel-built and sluch covering was 12.14%, which indicated carvel-built and sluch covering hadn't effect on accumulating the small rainfall and increasing moisture though it could conserve moisture, while WCDR-PCF could increase moisture and adjust the water condition and then raise the water use efficiency because the large and small furrows could make full use of the small rainfall and provide the water for the corn roots. In addition, WCDR-PCF with autumn covering could decrease the soil water evaporation in winter and spring and increase the corn ratio of transpiration / evaporation.4. In drought area, film covering especially whole film covering played an important role in increasing the soil temperature, the average temperature of whole film covering was higher 3～4°C and 4～5°C than half film covering and open field cultivation respectively before June. After June the average temperature of all the treatments had not difference, but the average temperature of whole film covering was higher than that of half film covering, while the average temperature of half film covering was higher than that of open field cultivation. The changes about increasing average temperature between the treatments of WCDR-PCF and carvel-built and sluch covering had no significant difference.The WCDR-PCF with autumn covering took advantage of keeping the temperature during early spring night, the WCDR-PCF with autumn covering could keep the temperature better than that with sluch covering, pre-sowing covering, carvel-built and sluch covering and the average temperature was higher 1～2℃than that of later treatments. In addition, the average temperature of WCDR-PCF with autumn covering was higher 2～3℃and 3～4℃than half film covering and open field cultivation before May. What's more, the temperature of that in cloudy was better in sunny, which had a positive effect on protect the corn seedlings from cold damaging so as to shorten the time of germination and increasing the germination rate.5. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, cond of WCDR-PCF with autumn covering were all higher than other treatments during the three conducted stages; the CO₂ concentration between intercellular was higher than other treatments, but lower than open field cultivation during jointing to trumpet-shaped stage.6. 100 grain weight, double spike rate, kernel rows and kernel per row by the WCDR-PCF with autumn covering was increased with the ear length longer, ear diameter bigger and bald patient lower.7. The WCDR-PCF played an important role in increasing the maize yield, especially, WCDR-PCF with autumn covering could increase significantly yield compared to open field cultivation, WCDR-PCF of slush covering, pre-sowing covering and carvel-built covering with increasing 313%, 9.22%, 17.61%, 27.40%, respectively. The yield and economic income of the WCDR-PCF with autumn covering could be increased by 751.55 kg/hm², 977.02 Yuan/hm² and 3100 kg/hm², 4000 Yuan/hm² compared to WCDR-PCF of slush covering and half film covering, respectively. The maize yield of WCDR-PCF of slush covering was increased by 1162.35 kg/hm² and 1511.06 Yuan/hm² (the market price 1.3 Yuan/kg) compared to carvel-built covering.