Study On Adaptability To Low Temperature Stress And Biological Peculiarity Of Scabiosa Tschifiensis And Echinops Latifolius

Scabiosa tschifiensis in Dipsacaceae and Echinops latifolius in Compositae are two wild flowers,which have high application value in the gardening. Through the research on adaptability to low temperature stress and biological characteristics of two kinds of wild flowers, the basic data of seed germination characteristics, individual development rhythm, the blossom and pollination characteristics were obtained, and explore elementarily the standards of ornamentals evaluation and the adaptability to low temperature stress.Through the study on their seed germination characteristics, we can conclusion that the seed coat's permeability of Scabiosa tschifiensis is poor, the optimum temperature of seed germination is 25℃, and sensitive to light; while the seed coat's permeability of Echinops latifolius is better, the optimum temperature of seed germination is 20℃—25℃, and insensitive to light.Through the observation on the development process from seed to seedling, we can indicate that the cotyledons of two kinds of wild flowers emerged when seeds germinating. The seedlings of Scabiosa tschifiensis are not uniform in sprouting and growth vigor is relatively weaker, belong to fibrous root system; however the seedlings of Echinops latifolius are uniform in sprouting and growth vigor is relatively stronger, belong to main root system. The annual seedlings of two kinds of wild flowers only have the phase of vegetative growth, and seedlings are rosette. Data of Scabiosa tschifiensis were gained, following the crown width was from 18 to 20cm, the leaf length was from 6 to 10cm and the leaf number was from 11 to 17 respectively; for Echinops latifolius, the crown width was from 30 to 40cm, the leaf length was from 12 to 15cm and the leaf number was from 7 to 10. The two kinds of wild flowers go into the wilting stage in October. Biennial seedlings of them begin to turn green during the middle ten days of April in Spring in Harbin, and go to reproductive growth from vegetation growth gradually. Their seedling height follows the rhythm of slow-fast-slow. The inflorescence of Scabiosa tschifiensis is capitulum; its color is mainly blue-viole, its flower diameter is from 2.5 to 5.2cm; its florescence is from June 30th to September 8th; its fruit period is from July 30th to October 8th. The inflorescence of Echinops latifolius is compound capitulum; its color is blue-violet, its flower diameter is from 3.9 to 6.2cm; its florescence is from July 14th to July 20th; its fruit period is from August 18th to September 6th. Two kinds of wild flowers take endomorphic and outcross pollination as the main propagation way.The ornamental evaluation index of superior individual plant about two kinds of wild flowers were determined though the comparative analysis in natural growth status in BaiHua mountain which is their origin place in Beijing and experiment -field in Harbin. All research lay the foundation of selection and breeding to superior individual plant.Through the research on adaptability to low temperature stress of these two flowers, we can get the differences of water content, cell membrane permeability, soluble sugar content, praline content and in the conditions of low temperature from comparison. It shows that both of these two wild flowers have the character of cold-resistance. In the winter of 2006, the over wintering rate is mre than 95% with the cold protection method of grass curtain in experiment -field.Through the above research, the biological characteristics of different growth period and capacity of adaptation to the low temperature are obtained. The basic research database for these two wild flowers is broadened in order to be better applied in the landscape. Meanwhile, this research can provide a credible data to the cross breeding. So, this research is of great significant value.