| Chicken germline cells, including Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs), Gonocyte and Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) are undifferentiated cells capable of proliferation, self-renewal, culture in vitro and they provide an in vitro model of early embryonic differentiation. In this study, the stem cells of genital ridge of 5.5-day-old chicken embryo, the rooster testicle of 18-day-old chicken embryo and 20 to 30-day-old chick were cultured in vitro in order to observe the difference of cell morphous, in vitro culture and biology characteristic identification after a long-term culture. PAS, AKP and immunochemistry staining were employed to identify the characteristics of stem cells.The results were as follows:1. A significant difference exists in the cell morphology of PGCs,gonocyte and SSCs. PGCs are bigger than the other two cells. PGCs have pseudopodia and the shape of its colonies like nests, while the shape of gonocyte and SSCs'colony like botryoid.2. 24 hours after primary culture of PGCs, gonocyte and SSCs, the adherent cell number of PGCs is less than SSCs and gonocyte (P<0.01), but the difference of hyperplasia rates among three kinds of cells is insignificance (P>0.05).3. During the process of subculturing, PGCs has the least rate of the adherent cell number and hyperplasia, while SSCs has the highest rate on both of them. The results showed extremely differences among these three cells (P<0.01).4. PGCs, gonocyte and SSCs are all showed positive results after the identification of AKP, PAS and the immunochemistry. However, in the identification of AKP, PGCs and gonocyte have weak activities, and SSCs has strong activity.Testicular tissue transplantation is transplanting the testes tissues which are removed from donor to the euangiotic sites, such as abdominal cavity and subcutaeous, of allogenic or autogenic acceptors. In this research, we study on the autograft and allograft of poultry testes tissue. Systematic detected the effect of different transplant sites, recovery time and donor category on the growth and development condition of transplant tissues.The results were as follows:1. Poultry testicular tissue autograft and allograft were feasible.2. the effect of transplantation sites on the growth and development condition of grafts were insignificant (P>0.05), but compare with the subcutaneous, the abdominal cavity transplantation experiment is easier, also, the infection rate of donor after the abdominal cavity transplantation is less than subcutaneous and the grafts have high survival rate. So abdominal subcutaneous is suitable for transplantation.3. The grafts recovery time depends on the difference of donor, acceptor and transplant site. In autografting, the optimal recovery time of grafts transplanted in abdominal cavity is at 3 weeks after transplantation, the optimal recovery time of grafts transplanted in abdominal subcutaneous is at 1 month after transplantation and the optimal recovery time of allograft is at 120 days after transplantation.4. The results showed that, the grafts of 40-day-old Guangxi native chicken growed and developed in a good condition, and produce highly motility rate sperms after autograft transplantation for 1 month, it is suitable to be used as autograft material. The grafts growed slowly after the allograft transplantation, the results showed revealed that newborn chicken could be good donor for allograft as it has low immunogenicity.5. Viliable sperms can be obtained from allogeneil grafts(Guangxi native chiken-Guangxi native chicken) after transplant 120 days, and the growth and development conditions of allogeneil grafts are superior than xenogeneic grafts'. However, because of the testis color, the merit of testicular tissue of xenogeneic (silky chicken-Guangxi native chicken) is that it can be observed all the time, which is greatly simplifies the observation of growth and development condition of transplant tissues.
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