Planting And Processing Of The Sugarcane Of Guangxi During The Period Of The Republic Of China

Sugarcane is the crop in tropics and subtropics, has many characteristics such as like high temperature, strong illumination, the water requirement and attracting a fertilizer during its growth period. It has special dependences in respect conditions such as heat, light, water of it resources. Guangxi is located in the south of the motherland, belong to the low latitudes area, tropic of Cancer traverses the middle part, belong to the subtropical climate. The illumination is sufficient, the rainfall is plentiful, frost-free period is long. And temperature, illumination, rain in the same season, the three cooperate each other, help the sugarcane to grow and accumulate with the sugar very much, very suitable for planting the sugarcane crop. This is gifted advantage of Guangxi sugarcane industry; make Guangxi become of our country sugarcane produce important base too.Natural conditions of Guangxi sugarcane is advantageous, have age-old history of planting sugarcane and refining sugar. Sugarcane already became important industrial crop of Guangxi in the Republican period, southern Guangxi and northern Guangxi all cultivated, the sugarcane planted all over whole province, planting sugarcane and refining sugar was one of important income of the peasant. The Republican period is important period forming a connecting link of Guangxi sugarcane history, Guangxi stepped into the new stage of planting sugarcane and refining sugar scientifically, sugarcane produces of Guangxi appeared thriving and prosperous scene during this one.Planting the sugarcane and refining sugar was distributed widely, spread all over more than 80 counties. Workshop of refining sugar had certain scale basically. The sugarcane of Guangxi is fast growing in production during the period of the Republic of China, cultivated area and candy output increase by a large margin. Candy output account for more than 10% of the whole nation candy amounts in same term, the place lives in third or fourth of the whole nation product candy province. The sugarcane product becomes one of important export commodities of Guangxi the Republican period.A few improved farm implements and sugar refining tools were applied to agriculture gradually, new style implements such as tractor, pressing sugarcane machine, centrifugal refining sugar machine appeared. These improved farm implements increased labor productivity by a large margin, had promoted the rapid development of the sugarcane produces. Various fertilizers were popularized in agricultural production. Besides commonly used peasant family fertile, some areas also used the bone meal and chemical fertilizer. The use of the chemical fertilizer has improved the output of the crops greatly. In addition, they popularized the approach of manufacturing the compost, popularized and planted various green manures. Resisting ability of natural calamity of people such as plant diseases and insect pests strengthened obviously, had already known how to adopt the scientific prevention and cure method of spraying medicines, catching artificially, adopted tradition and the modern technology to control concurrently sugarcane pest.Guangxi introduced and extended the modem new sugarcane breed on a large scale, carried out the transition to the modernized shape from the traditional sugarcane gradually. Guangxi lead into various 92 sugarcane breeds from fields such as Java, Taiwan in the Republican period, Cultivated and bred the new sugarcane by the farming proving ground of Guangxi. Guangxi demonstrated and popularized the sugarcane of improved variety every year from 1940, popularized more than 8 million mu together by 1942. In 4 years, the improved variety popularization of sugarcane had already quite accomplished, laying the good foundation of eliminating sugarcane of bamboo in the whole province.Guangxi established and built a batch of new-type sugar refineries, began to march toward the modernization of sugar industry of Guangxi. The Guixian sugar refinery, its apparatus was more advanced and candy qualities were fine, it opened the beginning of the machine-processed sugar in Guangxi. Also built up the sugar refinery of Wuzhou, south Liuzhou, Yinzhu and Jilongshan half machinery of small-scale sugar refineries.Though the Japanese aggressor troop invaded in latter stage of the Republic of China, destroyed seriously the sugarcane industry of Guangxi, the output dropped by a large margin. But it was that the extensive trend modernization of the sugar industry of Guangxi had established the solid foundation and abundant experience of accumulation after the foundation of the state. Development and progress of sugarcane production of this period became the beginning of sugarcane industry modernized of Guangxi, brought up the embryonic forms of the modern sugar industry of Guangxi.