Selection Of The High Amount Of Linoleic Acid Germ Plasm Of Jute & Kenaf Plant And Studies Of Refining Process For Healthy Edible Oil

The germ plasm resources of crops are important foundation for genetic improvement of crops and biotechnological breeding. It has recently been a valued research orientation to select fiber crops germ plasm for food and medicine purpose, in which multi-function identification of specific germ plasm is emphasized. The subjects in this study are seeds from 12 cultivars of jute and kenaf, including 5 cultivars of jute (e.g. Fumeng 1, Meifeng 4, jute 179. Xinxuan 1 and jute 681) and 7 cultivars of kenaf (e.g. Fuhonghang 1, Fuhonghang 3, Fuhonghang 4, Fuhong 991, Fuhong 952, Jinguang 1 and Jinguang 2). The germ plasm resources of jute and kenaf, rich in linoleic acid in the seeds oil, are selected by analyzing oil contents and fatty acid components of jute and kenaf seeds. Moreover, the process to refine the new edible and healthy oil of jute and kenaf is systematically studied. The purpose of the study is to develop the multi-utilization field of jute and kenaf and further processing of the edible and healthy seeds oil. The main results are as following:1. Determination of oil contents of seeds from 12 cultivars of jute and kenaf is done by Soxhlet extraction, and the determined oil contents are compared with those of some traditional oil plants' seeds. It is indicated that oil contents in seeds from some cultivars, such as "Jinguang 1", "Fuhong 952" and "Fuhong 991", are much higher than soybean(17%) and cotton seeds(18%). The oil content in seeds of "Jinguang 1", up to 23.4%, is the highest among them, and its seeds yield is up to 2550kg.hm^-2 , twice than ordinary cultivars. Therefore, "Jinguang 1" is viewed as an excellent cultivar for oil and fiber.2. Physical and chemical properties of seeds oil of kenaf are analyzed according to the National Lipidic Determination Standard. It is showed that all base values of the new oil conform to the Sanitary Norm of Edible Plant Oil, and seeds oil of kenaf can be developed as edible oil.3. Fatty acid components of seeds oil from the 12 cultivars of jute and kenaf are determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). GC results show that seeds oil of jute and kenaf is a new kind of plant oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, up to 80%. The two components, oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), are the main fatty acids in seeds oil of jute and kenaf and the content of linoleic acid is within 46-65%. The content of linoleic acid is relatively high in seeds oil from kenaf cultivars, such as "Jinguang 1" and "Fuhong 952" and "Fuhong 991",and jute cultivars, such as "Xinxuan 1" and "Jute 681" and "Jute 179". It is noticeably indicated that seeds oil of jute and kenaf is valuable for edible and healthy purpose.4. Relativity analysis of oil contents and the fatty acid components of seeds from 7 kenaf cultivars and 8 reported kenaf cultivars and 5 jute cultivars has been done by DPS. It is shown that there is certain relativity between oil contents and the fatty acid components. Remarkable positive relativity exists between oil contents and linolenic acid, while remarkable negative relativity exists between palmitic acid and linoleic acid, and so does between oleic acid and linoleic acid.5. Cluster analysis is also done by the UPGMA in DPS, based on the foregoing data of oil contents and the fatty acid components. It is indicated that 15 kenaf cultivars are classified into 5 categories at the value of 6.49 with the incised line L2, which are different from each other about linoleic acid content. And 5 jute cultivars are classified into 3 categories at the value of 2.37 with the incised line L, which are different from each other about linoleic acid and oleic acid content.6. An orthogonal experiment of L₁₆(4⁵) is designed for optimizing the refining process and increasing refining efficiency and improving physical and chemical properties of edible and healthy oil of jute and kenaf. There are four factors in the experiment, including alkali concentration and excess alkali and alkali-refined temperature and water quantity. It is shown that excess alkali and alkali-refining temperature affect the refining efficiency remarkably (P<0.01), and so does the interaction between alkali concentration and water quantity while each of them can not affect the refining efficiency remarkably. Then the optimal refining process parameters are as following: alkali concentration is 8% and the quantities of excess alkali and water are 0.3% and 3% of oil weight, respectively, and alkali-refining temperature is 60℃.