Studies On Water-Saving Cultivation Systems Of High-Yield Wheat And Maize In Huang-huai Plain

According to climatic environment, soil fertility,breed behaviation and product condition in Huang-huai Plain, studies of water-saving high-yield cultivation system for wheat & maize were systemically developed.The main research results were as follows:1. Ecological condition at production base is in order for development of high-yield wheat & maize.In Huang-huai Plain, the climate is mild, the illumination is enough, the hours of average sunlight in a year is 2535.8 h, the average air temperature in a year is14.1℃, the accumulated temperature above 10℃is 4633℃, the average non-frost time in a year is 206 d, the average rainfall in a year is 708.3 mm.Soil nature is all right but water resource is shortage, and accords with the demand of develop of high-yield production.2. Suitable high quality, high yield wheat and maize cultivarsSuitable native conditional wheat and maize cultivars of high quality, high yield were screened out, which were moderate bearing period,much stronger tillering ability,strong resistance,harmonious production configuration.They were hybride maize Zhendan 958,Jundan 20,Yuyu 22, Ludan 891.Wheat cultivars were Zhoumai 18,Xinmai 18, Yanzhan4110.3. The technology of seedling planting of wheat and maize.The outline of the technique: Farm manure was used 30,000 kg/hm² at crop field. Mixed the wheat seed whith chemicals, and was timely planted at the middle of octoberr and maize was planted at the first ten-day of June.4. The technology of prescription fertilizing for wheat and maizeUnder the condition of using organic fertilizer, soil fertility was measured and fertilizers were applied by prescription in wheat season:per 667 m² using pure N 16.0 kg,P₂O₅ 9 kg, K₂O 18.0 kg, ZnSO₄ 1 kg,Borax 0.5 kg,or Shangqiu County's special fertilizer 40-50 kg. 70% of nitrogenous fertilizers were fundamental, 30% were topdressed; 60% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were covered at seeding, 40% wrer scattered on upturned soil. Microelement fertilizer was all used by covering at bottom and scattering on upturned soil. Per 667 m² using pure N 13.2 kg, P₂O₅ 4.0 kg, and K₂O 5.0kg was in maize season.5. Suitable plant density on the farmlandSuitable plant density of wheat cultivars were as following: Zhoumai 18 is 6.0～9.0kg per 667 m²,Xinmai 18 is 7.5kg per 667 m², Yanzhan 4110 is 6.0～9.0kg per 667 m².Suitable plant density of hybride maize were as following: Zhengdan 958 was 4400 plants per 667 m²,,Jundan 20 was 4500 plants per 667 m²,and Yuyu 22 was 3000 plants per 667 m²,。6. The technology of controlling main pest, diseases and weedAccording to prevention and cure guideline adopting agricultural, biological,physical and chemical prevention and cure,the occurrence and harm of maleficence biology were controlled, cost was deereased, entironment was improved, produt quality was heightened, Wheat aphis , red spider and maize worm etc. were controlled between March 20^th and. April 30 th. Maize worm were controlled on July 20^th .Maize aphis were controlled on August 20^th.7. The technology of moisture management in cropfieldThe outline of the technology of moisture management in a period of wheat is planting in high moisture in the soil, watered it in pulling period when the soil moisture were light, humidly irrigating at the headling stage.