Effect Of Irrigation Stage And Amount On Grain Yield Formation And Water Use Characteristics In Wheat

1 Differences in water use characteristics and grain yield between different wheat cultivarsDifferences in water use characteristics and grain yield between different wheat cultivars was studied by using two wheat cultivars including strong gluten wheat Jimai20 and medium gluten wheat Taishan22. Setting up two treatments including no irrigation (W0), irrigation at jointing stage and anthesis stage (W1), the irrigation amount was 60mm once. The principal results were as follows.The grain yield of Taishan22 was significantly higher than that of Jimai20. Under the condition of treatment W0, there are no significant different in water use efficiency between these two wheat cultivars; under the condition of treatment W1, the water use efficiency of Taishan22 was significantly higher than that of Jimai20.1.1 Differences in water use characteristics between different wheat cultivarsUnder the condition of treatment W0, total water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount of Taishan22 was significantly higher than that of Jimai20. Soil moisture content of 80 to 200cm of Taishan22 was significantly lower than Jimai20 at anthesis to maturity, it shows that Taishan22 has the ability to absorb and utilize the soil moisture in 80 to 200cm soil layer at anthesis to maturity. Soil water consumption amount in 60 to 200cm soil layer of total growth stage was higher than that of Jimai20. The ratio of soil water consumption amount in 0 to 80cm soil layer to total soil water consumption amount of Taishan22 was lower than that of Jimai20, and the ratio of soil water consumption amount in 80 to 200cm soil layer to total soil water consumption amount of Taishan22 was higher than that of Jimai20, these shows that Taishan22 has the ability to absorb and utilize the deep soil storage water under the condition of treatment W0.Under the condition of treatment W1, total water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount of Taishan22 was lower than that of Jimai20. The ratio of soil water consumption amount in 0 to 100cm soil layer to total soil water consumption amount of Taishan22 was higher than that of Jimai20, and the ratio of soil water consumption amount in 100 to 200cm soil layer to total soil water consumption amount of Taishan22 was lower than that of Jimai20, soil moisture content of 100 to 200cm of Taishan22 was higher than Jimai20 at maturity. These results shows that the deep soil storage water amount which absorbed by Taishan22 was lower than Jimai20 under the condition of treatment W1.Under the condition of treatment W0 and W1, soil water consumption amount at sowing to before winter and jointing to anthesis of Taishan22 was higher than that of Jimai20 and soil water consumption amount at before winter to jointing and anthesis to maturity of Taishan22 was lower than that of Jimai20. Water consumption amount, water consumption percentage and water consumption amount per day at jointing to anthesis of Taishan22 was significantly higher than that of Jimai20, water consumption amount at anthesis to maturity of Taishan22 was lower than that of Jimai20. Water consumption percentage and water consumption amount per day at anthesis to maturity under the condition of treatment W0 of Taishan22 was lower than that of Jimai20, and there are no significant differences between the two wheat cultivars under the condition of treatment W1.1.2 Differences in dry matter distribution and grain protein yield between different wheat cultivarsDry matter distribution amount and distribution proportion in kernel of Taishan22 were significantly higher than that of Jimai20. Dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis of Taishan22 was significantly higher than that of Jimai20. So that the grain yield of Taishan22 was higher than that of Jimai20.Grain and single stem nitrogen accumulation amount and grain protein yield of Taishan22 was higher than that of Jimai20. Dough stability time of Taishan22 was significantly lower than that of Jimai20.2 Effect of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics and grain yield in wheatEffect of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristic and grain yield in wheat was studied by using two wheat cultivars including strong gluten wheat Jimai20 and medium gluten wheat Taishan22. Setting up seven treatments of different irrigation amount: no irrigation (W0); irrigation at jointing stage and anthesis stage, the irrigation amount was 30mm (W1), 60mm (W2), 90mm (W3) once; irrigation at jointing stage, anthesis stage and filling stage, the irrigation amount was 30mm (W4), 60mm (W5), 90mm (W6) once. The principal results were as follows.The grain yield and water use efficiency of treatment W4 of Jimai20 and treatment W2 of Taishan22 were higher than other irrigation treatments.2.1 Effect of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics in wheatTotal water consumption amount of treatment W1, W2, W4 of Jimai20 were lower than other irrigation treatment, soil water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount were higher than other irrigation treatments. Soil water consumption amount at anthesis to maturity of treatment W2, W4 were lower than treatment W1, and these were higher than other treatments. Soil water consumption amount of treatment W2 was higher than treatment W4. Soil water consumption amount in 120 to 200cm soil layer of treatment W2, W4 were high than other treatments, it shows that wheat could to absorb and utilize the deep soil storage water under the condition of treatment W2, W4. Water consumption amount at anthesis to maturity of treatment W4 of Jimai20 was lower than other irrigation treatment.Water consumption amount at anthesis to maturity of treatment W2 of Taishan22 was lower than treatment W5 and higher than other irrigation treatment. Other water consumption characteristics of treatment W2 Taishan22 were consistent with that of Jimai20.2.2 Effect of irrigation stage and amount on dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheatDry matter distribution amount and distribution proportion in kernel of treatment W4 of Jimai20 were higher than other treatments. Dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis and contribution of dry matter redistribution amount after anthesis to kernel of treatment W4 of Jimai20 were relatively high. Dry matter distribution amount in kernel and dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis of treatment W2 Taishan22 were higher than other treatments, so that the grain yield of treatment W2 was higher than other treatments.2.3 Effect of irrigation stage and amount on grain nitrogen accumulation amount and grain protein yield in wheatGrain nitrogen accumulation amount of treatment W2 of Jimai20 was higher than other treatments; proportion of nitrogen distribution of treatment W4 was significantly higher than other treatments. Content of protein in grain of treatment W4 was relatively high; grain protein yield of treatment W2 and W4 were significantly higher than other treatments. 3 Effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen rate on grain yield and quality and water use efficiencyThe effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen rate on grain yield and quality and water use efficiency was studied by using wheat cultivar Jimai20 which with strong gluten potential and Taishan23 which with medium gluten potential. The experiment utilized the split-plot design with nitrogen rate as main plots and irrigation amount as subplots. Setting up five treatments of different irrigation amount: no irrigation (W0); irrigation at before sowing, jointing and anthesis stage, the irrigation amount was 20mm (W1), 40mm (W2), 60mm (W3), 80mm (W4) once and two treatments of different nitrogen fertilizer rates: 180kg·hm-2 (N1), 240 kg·hm-2 (N2). The nitrogen fertilizer application method was basal dressing 50% and elongation stage dressing 50%. The principal results were as follows.Grain yield and water use efficiency of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 and Taishan23 cultivars were higher than other treatments.3.1 Effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen rate on water resources of water consumption amountThe ratio of irrigation amount, precipitation, and soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 and Taishan23 cultivars were 38.95%, 37.07%, 24%, 41.29%, 39.31%,19.42%, respectively.3.2 Effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen rate on water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at different growth periodSoil water consumption amount, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at turn green to jointing of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 were lower than other irrigation treatment; soil water consumption amount, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at jointing to anthesis were higher than treatment W1, and lower than other irrigation treatments; soil water consumption amount, water consumption amount , water consumption percentage and water consumption amount per day at anthesis to maturity were higher than other treatments.Soil water consumption amount, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at turn green to jointing of treatment N1W3 of Taishan23 were significantly higher than other treatments; soil water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at jointing to anthesis were higher than treatment W2, and lower than other treatments; soil water consumption amount, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at anthesis to maturity were higher than treatment W4, and lower than other irrigation treatments.These results shows that, water consumption amount and water consumption percentage at different growth periods of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 and Taishan23, with the highest yield and water use efficiency were inconsistent.3.3 Effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen rate on photosynthetic characteristics, Dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheatTreatment N1W3 of Jimai20 and Taishan23 increased the photosynthesis rate of flag leaf after anthesis, improved Fv/Fm of flag leaf at medium grain filling stage, and enhancedΦPSⅡof flag leaf at medium grain filling stage. Excessive or insufficient irrigation amount decreased the Fv/Fm andΦPSⅡof flag leaf. Dry matter accumulation amount at maturity of treatment N1W3 was higher than treatment W1 and W2; and there was no significant difference with treatment W4. Dry matter distribution amount and distribution proportion in kernel at maturity of treatment N1W3 were higher than other treatments. So that grain yield of treatment N1W3 was higher than other treatments.3.4 Effect of irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer rate on protein quality and starch quality of wheatContent of protein in kernel of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 and Taishan23 were lower than other treatments. Glutenin content, gluten protein content and ratio of glutenin content to gliadin content of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 and treatment N1W2 of Taishan23 were significantly higher than other treatments. Ratio of amylopectin content and amylose content of treatment N1W3 of Jimai20 was higher than other treatments; amylopectin content, total starch content and ratio of amylopectin content and amylose content of treatment N1W3 of Taishan23 were higher than other irrigation treatments.There was no significant difference in yield and water use efficiency of every irrigation treatment between treatment N1 and N2.