Studies On The Development Character And Pollination Biology Of Apricot In Greenhouse

Reserch had been carried out in practice base of Science and Engineering of Shandong Agriculture University and Qunxing gardening with "Katy", "Golden sun" and other apricots from the year 2004 to 2007.The text had discussed the chill-requirement,fruit development,shoots growth,pn of apricot and distant hybridization in greenhouse mainly,The results were as follows:1.Significant differences were found in chill-requirement of different apricot varieties.Furthermore,the chill-requirement was in the direct ratio to ripening of apricot fruit,eg,the earlier fruit ripening was,the lower chillrequirement was.Differences were also found in chill-requirement of the same variety,and chill-requirement of flower buds were higher than that of leaf buds.And chill-requirement of different varieties with annual variation were different.2.The development of fruit growth of "Katy"and "Golden sun"were double-S curve.From pollination to complete ripening,the development of fruit growth divided into the first rapid growth of fruit,slow growing period and the second rapid growth of fruit.Cell division mainly occurred in the first period.theregore,relatively lower temperature not only postphoned the time of cell division,but also promoted cell division by inducing synthesis of cytokinins.cell enlargement of the Peel and Pulp of apricot fruit resulted in the second quick growing period of fruit,therefore,artificial higher temperature could shorten fruit growing stage in order to advancing ripening.3.Two quick growing period were discovered in shoots of apricot in green house.The first quick growing period which was coincident with the first quick growing period of fruit occurred in the fifth or sixth week after flowering.So,we suggested that reinforcing tree management should promote fruit development.The second quick growing period occurred after harvest.4 In greenhouse,three peak values were found in diurnal variations of photo-synthesis rate and stomatal conductance in apricot and midday depression was not obvious.Diurnal variations of Ci was different in different varieties.Photo-synthesis—light reaction curve of "Golden sun" apricot suggested that "Golden sun" apricot became adaptable to low-light and improved low-light use efficiency.5.Initial flower stage of apricot in greenhouse was February 17^th, whereas that out of greenhouse was March 29^th,which was postponed for 40 days.But the proportion of pistil abortion was significantly advanced. Because flower stage in greenhouse was prolonged for 2～3days contrast with out of greenhouse,we had enough time to carry out artificial pollination and pollination by bees.The proportion of flower abortion in greenhouse was higher 33.25%than that out of green house,but in and out of greenhouse,there was no significant difference in proportion of flower abortion of "Katy" apricot.These results suggested that "Katy" apricot was more adaptable to greenhouse condition.6.Results of self-pollinated and cross-pollinated fruit set suggested that self-fruitful capacity of "Katy"was stronger than "Golden sun".Significant difference in fruit set was found by pollination of different florescence in the same hybridization.Some apricot varieties pollinated mutually and fruit set and of abortion of crossbreds were studied.The results suggested that immature embryo culture was a efficient pathway to avoid or reduce abortion of crossed embryo and attain more distant hybrid.