Research On Extract Of Total Flavonoids In Propolis By Combination Of Ultrasonic With Alkaline Lonic Watere

Propolis is complicated colloidal solids with aromatic odor, formed by resin-likesecretions acquainted by bees from the plant buds purse and the trunks, combined withmaxillary gland secretions and beeswax. The propolis is used by bees to protect andresist pest and pathogenic microorganisms from invading the nest.The ethanol extraction becomes the major extraction method owing to the advantages ofsimple extraction, low requirement for extraction equipments and low producing cost.During the process of extraction, however, active components of the ethanol extract isinfluenced by soaking time, temperature and ethanol concentration.Compared with a conventional extraction method, an ultrasonic extraction method hasadvantages of simple operation, short extraction time, high rate of extraction and noneed for heating. Therefore, the ultrasonic extraction is now, in a large amount, used inthe extraction of Chinese herbal medicine chemical components.In comparation with NaOH solution, alkaline ionized water has the exclusive functions.Water molecules' diameter of the alkaline ionized water is a half smaller than that of thecommon molecules. Water with small molecules is provided with large kinetic energy,high moving speed and strong ability of infiltrating and dissolving.An extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid by combination with ultrasonic andalkaline ionized water has yet been reported neither at home nor at abroad. This passageconducts an optimization among arts of the extraction of total flavonoids of propolisliquid by combination with ultrasonic and alkaline ionized water. The results are asfollows:1. Under the circumstance of alkaline ionized water, the major factor influencing theefficiency of the extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid is solid-liquid ratio,second to which is alkaline ionized water's pH, and then soaking time. The optimalcondition for the extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid is: pH 13.5, 6 hours ofsoaking time and solid-liquid ratio of 1 to 50. Under this circumstance, the percentagecontent of total flavonoids tested is 4.78%. 2. Under the circumstance of ultrasonic and alkaline, the major factor influencing the efficiency of the extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid is solid-liquid ratio and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, while ultrasonic frequencies, time of ultrasonic effect and soaking time have a small influence on the efficiency of extraction. The optimal condition for the extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid is: ultrasonic frequencies amounting to 40 KHz, 0.5% of sodium hydroxide solution, 2 hours of soaking time, 60 minutes for ultrasonic effect and solid-liquid ratio of 1 to 50. Under this circumstance, the percentage content of total flavonoids tested is 5.34%.3. Under the circumstance of ultrasonic and alkaline ionized water, the major factor influencing the efficiency of the extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid is solid-liquid ratio and alkaline ionized water's pH, second to which is soaking time. The optimal condition for the extraction of total flavonoids of propolis liquid is: pH 13.5, 30 minutes for ultrasonic effect, 0.5% of sodium hydroxide solution, 2 hours of soaking time, and solid-liquid ratio of 1 to 50. Under this circumstance, the percentage content of total flavonoids tested is 5.39%.4. The extraction of flavonoids of propolis liquid by combination with ultrasonic and alkaline ionized water is prior to an extraction method directly by virtue of alkaline ionized water for a better way and a shorter time, and the extraction rate of flavonoids is improved by 0.61%. And the content of flavonoids extracted is a little difference from that extracted by combination with ultrasonic and sodium hydroxide.The prior propolis products contain some concentration of ethanol, thus being found to take some unaccepted stimulate taste. Or it is made by the emulsified emulsifiers such as tween, soft phospholipid, triglycerides diluted with glycerol and oil and finally by adding water. The adding of the above organic solvents results in an increase of toxicity and producing cost. The experiment adopts an art of producing propolis solution by combination with ultrasonic and alkaline ionized water, of which the content of flavonoids is amounted to 5.39%, and none of organic solvents is contained in the propolis solution products, of greatly simple art, low producing cost and avoiding toxicity.