Innovation And Identification Of Cold Hardiness Of Species Resources In Seedless Grapes

The seedless grape is one of the most important direction and trend during the international production and consumption.However, the seedless varieties being cultivated are almost from the Europe, which have high quality and with poor stress-resistance especially the chilling resistance.So the cultivation of the new seedless variety with the resistance to the low temperature is one of the most significant objective of the grape breeding.China is one of the very important origin of the Vitic plants,especially the Vitis amurensis that is the most chilling resistant species,in this thesis,we selected the that with the strongly chilling resistant grape variety,BeiChun,the first generation of the hybrid (Vitis amurensis×Vitis vinifera L).Made the BeiChun be hybridized by seedless grape Delight and Olmo Seedless respectively,took 38 grape strains obtained via embryo rescue in all as tested materials.We Investigated and analysed their genetic laws on the botanical characteristics and identified the seedless properties of their hybridized generations through the discovered grape seedless molecular probe GSLP1, in order to provide the basis for the selective breeding of new chilling resistant seedless grape varieties and their new genetic resources.The main researched results as followed:1. The 18 botanical characters of branches and leave from the generations of the two hybrids, Delight×BeiChun,and Olmo Seedless×BeiChun,were investgated and analysed,the results showed that the four characters,these were the branches whether with powdered thing or not,the number of rended flake and the lenticel of the branch kept changless and constantly inherited; the branch whether with thorns and spots or not,the leaf poster,the features of the leaf surface and the low-lying shape of the leafstalk were the heavily separated characters of their hybrid progeny,namely had at least 4 separated-type in the hybrid progeny;The separation changes of other 10 botanical characters were on more than 2～3 kinds.2. Preliminaryly determined the chilling resistence of hybrid progeny of 2 combinations from 38 strains through the 50% lethal temperature (LT50)obtained via electrical conductivity and Logistic equation,and comprehensively identified the chilling resistence properties of their hybrid progeny considered with the physiological and biochemical indicts related to chilling resistance.The most chilling resistant strain of the hybrid progeny from Delight×BeiChun is DB14,its LT50 was -25.32℃, the 4 accessions,DB16,DB20,DB82and DB88,their LT50 below -24℃.The number of accessions whose LT50 between their female parent and male parent was 16; The most chilling resistant strain of the hybrid progeny from Olmo Seedless×BeiChun is OB67,its LT50 was -27.10℃,its chilling resistence beyond their male parent, and there were 14 accessions whose chilling resistence between their female parent and their male parent, the 4 accessions, OB10,OB49,OB66,OB68, their LT50 exceeded their female parent. The chilling resistence identified results via the grape branches reinstated experiments under different low temperature treatments were in unanimity with via physiological and biochemical indicts related to chilling resistence and the Logistic equation.The degree of their generations'chilling resistence appeared continuous variation,was quantity heredity.3. On the basis of the comprehensive evaluation of the cold resistance of the Wild and the hybrid of Chinese Vitis, we screened out the marker combined with the gene controlling the chilling resistance and take the RAPD molecular marking on the hybrid to exam their cold resistance further. The results indicated that the strains of DB14,DB16,DB20,DB45,DB82,DB88 hybridized by"Delight×BeiChun"and OB16,OB25,OB32,OB46,OB61,OB67,OB73 hybridized by"Olmo Seedless×BeiChun"had the S241-691 special stipe . The percent of the cold resistant strains are 31.58% and 36.84%.The detection results are accordant to the development and physiological and biochemical indics of the branch by the measure of the electric conductivity.4. The seedless grape molecular probe GSLP1-569 was used to check the hybrids,the results showed that the strains DB14,DB16,DB32,DB45,DB66,DB82 hybridized by"Delight×BeiChun"and OB23,OB25,OB46,OB50,OB66,OB68,OB73 hybridized by"Olmo Seedless×BeiChun"owned the special stripe with the molecular weight of 569bp.5. The strains of DB14,DB16,DB45,DB82 hybridized by"Delight×BeiChun"and OB25,OB46,OB73 hybridized by"Olmo Seedless×BeiChun"had the characteristics of chilling resistence and without the kernel shape.