Studies On The Technique System Of Micropropagation Using Field Grown Elite Plants For Explants In Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)

Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia L.) is a herbaceous annual or perennial climber of the family cucurbitaceae.It is one of the most important vegetables and medical plants which have been planted all over the world.Tissue culture is the effective way of agamogony and idioplasm reservation and is the basic research of gene transfer.In this paper,the nodals of different periods of"Bixiu"(Momordica charantia L.) were used as explants.By means of the orthogonal experimental design,analysis of variance and multiple comparisons,the factors including the time of getting material,plant growth regulators and AgNO₃ concentration were analyzed and the system of in vitro culture and shoot regeneration from nodals which were isolated from field grown elite plants was established.The results were as follows.(1) June or July proved to be better for material taking,followed by May.6-8min in 0.1%HgCl₂ was the optimal surface sterilization time.The 3 to 5 nodal middle parts of the shoot with 1.0cm length and one nodal showed the highest response in shoot induction culture.(2) Higher 6-BA concentration promoted the induction significantly,but KT failed to.MS+6-BA4.0mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L was the best initiation medium in which the rate of initiation was 41.46%.(3) Exudate of loofa greatly shortened the induction time(6d) and the highest induction percentage(61.21%) was observed on the medimn added 10%(v/v). (4) For multiplication rate and mean height,the optimum proliferation medium for shoots from stems was MS+BA1.0mg/L+KT1.0mg/L+IBA0.1 mg/L.(5) Adding AgNO₃ to the proliferation medium improved the regeneration frequency, but inhibited the plantlet growth;the optimum AgNO₃ concentration was 1.0mg/L in which the proliferation coefficient was 6.09.(6) The adventitious bud propagation coefficient decreased with the increasing of activated charcoal(AC),but AC can significantly improve the bud growth.(7) Exudate of loofa had positive effect on shoot proliferation as well as callus formation.Different carbons and water sources didn't have significant effect on proliferation.Distilled water could be replaced by tap water in some situation.(8) According to rooting rate,mean root number and mean root length,the optimal rooting condition for bitter gourd was 1/2MS+IBA0.3mg/L.(9) The rooting quality was not improved when adding AC and AgNO₃.(10) Addition of filter paper and loofa bundle to liquid culture as the supporter shortened the time of root formation,but the resultant roots were fragile and prone to damage in transplanting.