The Nutrient Release Characteristics And Effect Of Application Of Organic Fertilizer In Fujian Planting Tobacco Soil

It was the first year of long-term locational experiment in rotation of tobacco and rice.It was researched that the effect of application organic fertilizer on the content of nutrients in the soils planting tobacco,as well as the effect of application organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers on the soil physical properties,the number of micro-organisms, the growth,metabolism,nutrient absorption and quality of flue-cured tobacco via using indoor soil cultivation,pot experiment,field experiment and evaluation of the quality of tobacco sensory combination.The indexes of the appropriate dosage of organic fertilizer application in the planting tobacco soil which rotation tobacco and rice were made,for providing the basis and reference of the experiment layout of the following year and reasonable application of organic fertilizers,the production of high quality flue-cured tobacco in the planting tobacco soil in Fujian.1.Soil cultivation experiments showed that,application of organic fertilizer in the tidal sand fields,gray and sand mud fields,dark mud field,yellow mud field respectively in favor of the increase of the content of available N,P and K.the application of cakes fertilize in the increase of soil available-N-H(without reducer) and available-N+H(add reducer)in both the larger role.the largest release rate of organic nitrogen were cake(35.03%)＞chicken manure(31.87%)＞cattle manure (31.76%)＞straw(18.96%)＞pig manure(18.69%).The release rate of available P of pig manure in four soil was largest,at the end of cultivation,the increase of available P of the soil that applicate pig manure was respectively tidal field(119.03mg·kg^-1)＞gray and sand mud fields(103.38mg·kg^-1)＞dark mud field(79.84 mg·kg^-1)＞yellow mud field(68.65mg·kg^-1).Using a greater number of organic fertilizer,soil P would increased the risk of contamination to the environment.Different types of organic fertilizer application into different soils,the largest release rate of K in the organic fertilizer were straw(93.76%)＞chicken manure(88.63%)＞cake(83.91%)＞pig manure (75.77%)＞cattle manure(66.33%).2.Combined application of a certain mature organic fertilizer could promote metabolism,dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco,increased the number of micro-organisms in the soil and improve soil physical and chemical characteristics in pot experiment indicated.Chlorophyll a,b,Chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid of tobacco leaf of the D₁(25%pig manure)was highest,followed by the A₂(50%chicken manure) and B₁(25%cake),which may be caused by higher content of P in pig manure. application of organic fertilizer could increase the protein and free amino content of flue-cured tobacco.With the increase of organic nitrogen application in the proportion, nitrate reductase activity of flue-cured tobacco were enhancement,the NRase activity of flue-cured tobacco leaf had a significant difference between the treatment of organic fertilizer and comparison.With the increase of chicken manure,cake and cattle manure in the proportion,total soluble sugar content of flue-cured tobacco leaf was enhanced.The amount of accumulation of dry matter in plant(except straw disposal) were all increased with the application of organic nitrogen increase in the proportion, with A₂ treatment(50%chicken manure)had the maximum amount of accumulation of dry matter(94.90 g/plant),and had a significant difference between the treatment of organic fertilizer and comparison.The physiological maturity of upper leaf of flue-cured tobacco were consistent between the treatment of organic nitrogen with 25% and fertilizer,but the treatment of organic nitrogen with 50%were later for 5～7 days than the treatment of fertilizers.With the ratios of application of organic fertilizer enhanced,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes of the soil were increase,but the number of fungi were contrary;the application of organic fertilizer lowed density of soil,lower than that of control by 1%to 9%.With 50%chicken manure(A₂)and 50%pig manure(D₂)could improve the total carbon content of soil humus,respectively,was increased 28.2%and 28.3%compared with that of the fertilizer.3.Field experiments showed that plant height,the girth of caudex,the distance of burl,and the number of leaves and the largest leaf area of all growing period of flue-cured tobacco were increased by different degrees with a certain amount of application of organic manure in planting tobacco soil.plant height of D(25%cattle manure)were highest(29.12 cm),increased 3.36 cm compared with that of the fertilizer in the rounding stage of flue-cured tobacco;in the flourishing stage and topping stage the height of B disposal(25%chicken manure)were highest with 111.72 cm and 95.00 cm;the augment of girth of caudex of B disposal were largest in different stages of flue-cured tobacco,increased from 0.60cm to 0.76cm compared with that of the fertilizer.Have a greater influence on the augment of the number of leaf and the area of largest leaf of flue-cured tobacco with application of 25%chicken manure.In the rounding stage,the number of leaf and the area of largest leaf of flue-cured tobacco with application of 25%chicken manure were largest,was increased 0.60 cm and 198.78 cm² compared with that of the fertilizer;the augment of the number of leaf in the flourishing stage and the area of largest leaf in the topping stage were largest when applied chicken manure to the planting tobacco.4.The effect of the total field and output value of flue-cured tobacco were most obvious when applied 25%chicken manure to the planting tobacco,followed by 25% pig manure,the total field and output value of flue-cured tobacco of B treatment(25% chicken manure)exceeded respectively 322.91 Kg/hm² and 3923.60 yuan/hm² to that of the fertilizer,and increased 17.27%and 20.97%.The total field and output value of flue-cured tobacco of E treatment(25%pig manure)exceeded respectively 162.40 Kg/hm² and 1918.28 yuan/hm² to that of the fertilizer,and increased respectively 8.68%and 10.25%.The proportion of first-class and middle-class leaves of D treatment (25%cattle manure)and B treatment(25%chicken manure)were higher,respectively, exceeded 4.65 and 9.10 percentage points to that of the fertilizer.Mean value of D treatment(25%cow dung)reached the peak value of 10.45 yuan·kg^-1.The overall level of tobacco quality of 25%chicken manure treatment were best,and quality standards closer to the high quality of flue-cured tobacco.5.Field test showed that the content of nicotine of upper leaves when chemical fertilizers were applied in the planting tobacco were highest(4.07%),and were higher 0.54～1.55 percentage points than that of organic manure with 25%;while upper leaves of 25%Straw had the lowest nicotine content(2.52%),that of 25%Cake had relatively high nicotine content(3.53%).Combined application of organic manure could enhance the content of K of lower leaf and make for the formation of the high quality of flue-cured tobacco.Distribution of Cu and Zn in all leaves were the lower leaves＞middle leaf＞upper leaf,and that of Fe and Mn in the leaf were upper leaf＞middle leaf＞lower leaves;the ratio of total sugar/nicotine and TN/nicotine reached the range of coordination when application of organic manure were combined,that of B treatment (25%chicken manure)in all leaves were more appropriate than others.Application of organic manure had not increase obviously content of chlorine in the leaves.Conbined application of organic manure with the proportion to 25%was suitable in Fujian tobacco planting area,and the effect of chicken manure on high-quality tobacco was largest.