Effects Of Wild Green Manure On Growth And Quality Of Pakchoi (Brassica Chinensis L.)

In this study,we used two wild plant(Papaveraceae & Fagaceae),which were found in north of Kuo Chang Mountain in Zhejiang Province,as wild green manures with high nitrogen content.One(Papaveraceae)is called GMⅠfor short,and another (Fagaceae)is called GMⅡ.Effect of continuous application of two wild green manures(GMⅠand GMⅡ)with high nitrogen content both in summer and autumn on the growth,nutritional quality of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)and soil properties were studied in pot experiment.We also discussed the effect of composting precipitated into medicine waste residue by addition of fresh wild plant(GMⅠ).The main results are summarized as followed.1.Effect of two wild green manures(GMⅠand GMⅡ)on growth of pakchoi both in summer and autumn.The most increase of yield of pakchoi was significant in summer when urea was used alone(N treatment).On the contrary,except for using the treatment GMⅡalone(GMⅡtreatment),the yield of pakchoi of all the treatments with green manures,were better than the N treatment.And also the yields in autumn was better than in summer,the fresh and dry weight of pakchoi were increased markedly by 36.7～103.9%and 34.1～51.6%,respectively.Compared with CK, mixture of green manures and urea(1/2GM+1/2N treatment)in summer,as well as compared with CK and urea,all treatments with GMⅠin autumn could significantly increase shoot fresh weight.The yield of pakchoi in whole year could be increased notably when mixture of green manures and urea,and GMⅠalone were used.2.All the treatments except for the treatment that used green manures used alone(GM treatment)could increase significantly the N concentration of nitrogen in pakchoi in summer.Compared to N treatment,in autumn the treatments with green manure alone and redoubled,except for the treatment that used GMⅡalone could improve the N concentration to significant levels.All the treatments with green manure,especially 1/2GM+1/2N treatment could enhance stably the P and K concentration both in summer and autumn.The N utilization rate of the treatments with green manure could be enhanced substantially in autumn.In details,in addition to the treatment that used GMⅡalone,other treatments with green manure could increase notably the N utilization rate,which was enhanced by 36.0～166.5%as compared with N treatment. 3.The nitrate content of the eatable part in pakchoi decreased remarkably when green manures alone and mixture of green manures and urea were used in the two seasons, as compared with urea alone and green manures double.Although it was not obvious in summer,all treatments with two green manures could increase vitamin C content in autumn.The content of soluble sugar was improved by two green manures both in summer and autumn and benefits were even better in autumn.And in details, compared to N treatment,the content of soluble sugar in all the treatments with green manure could enhance by 20.8～92.1%.In summer,the soluble proteins content could be increased markedly by the treatments with mixture of green manures and urea and GMⅠdouble,which were enhanced by 22.2～33.4%and 23.4～34.7%,respectively. The content of soluble proteins in pakchoi had little differences between the treatments in autumn,and had a slight decrease in autumn.4.Effect of two wild green manures(GMⅠand GMⅡ)with high nitrogen content on the physical and chemical properties of soil after pakchoi growed.Compared with N treatment,the available N,P and K in the soil with all green manure treatments could be enhanced by 8.0～32.5%,41.3～85.5%,and 20.6～99.0%,respectively.Organic matter in the soil couble also be increased by 14.9～58.1%,and the soil acidity and electric conductivity(EC)in the soil could be reduced,when green manures were used.5.We conducted the mixtures of Chinese medicine waste residue(Z),swine dung (SW)and sawdust(S)which were composed in terms of different C/N ratio into six kinds of composting.Compared with CK,No.Ⅰcomposting made by medicine waste residue alone,and No.Ⅵcomposting precipitated into medicine waste residue by addition of fresh wild plant,as well as No.Ⅱcomposting of whose initial weight distribution ratio is Z:SW:S = 1:2:0.5,could significantly increase shoot fresh weight by 32.3%,16.7%,and 12.6%,respectively.Besides,the nitrate content of the eatable part in pakchoi decreased remarkably by 48.4%and 30.6%when No.ⅡandⅥcomposting were used in the pot.All of No.Ⅰ～Ⅵcomposting raised the SPAD value and the content of vitamin C in pakchoi shoot to different extent.In conclusion,compared with urea alone,two green manures could increase the yield, enhance the nutritional quality of pakchoi in autumn,and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.In particular,the GMⅠwas found to be the best.