Study On Integrated Control Technique Of Dominant Diseases And Pests In Flower Cultivation Facilities Of Chongqing

Because of cold winter and hot summer in Chongqing,most of flower cultivation facilities possess plastic film with the characteristics of freely open and close.In summer,both sides of the plastics film can be uncovered to air,and in contrast at night or in winter,the film can be closed to heat preservation.The differences of the half-open cultivation facilities from total-closed greenhouse or bated land cause the fact that there is a different occurrence and damage dynamics of the former plastic film and the two latter.The occurrence and integrated control techniques of the primary plant diseases and insect pests on 6 flowers,that is,cockscomb,collard,maidenhair,salvia,begonia and petunia in flower cultivation facilities of Chongqing Garden Virescence Science Institute and Baishiyi Flower Production Base were studied here and the result were listed as follows:1 The occurrence dynamics and integrated control technique of Pieris rapae Linne in flower cultivation facilities of ChongqingThe investigation on occurrence dynamics of Pieris rapae Linner on Brassica oleracea var acephala V D.C.revealed that in winter collard of 2006,larvae of P.rapae Linner appeared on October 18^th,and there were 2 damage peak periods which the 2^ndwas worse.In the 1^stpeak period, 93.1%was in 1-3 instar stages,6.9%in 4-5 instar stages,but in the 2^ndpeak period,70.5%was in 1-3 instar stages and 29.5%in 4-5 instar stages.Consequently,the control period to P.rapae Linner on winter collard should be before November 12^th.On spring collard of 2007,larvae of P.rapae Linner occurred on April 19^th,and there was one damage peak period with the characteristics of large number of larvae,rapid up growth and severe damage.Consequently,the control period to P. rapae Linner on spring collard should be before April 29^th.According to the field test result,P. rapae Linner was very sensitive to most pesticides.The effect of pesticides of high efficiency and low poison on P.rapae was more than 97%.The control effect amounted to 46.6%on P.rapae after the application of matrine·nicotine FU and there was a control effect of 90.1%after the application of 1.2%matrine·nicotine EC. 2 The occurrence dynamics and integrated control technique of Plutella xylostella(Linne)in flower cultivation facilities of ChongqingThe investigation on occurrence dynamics of Plutella xylostella(Linne)on Brassica oleracea var acephala V D.C.revealed that in winter collard of 2006,larvae of P.rapae Linnet there were 2 damage peak periods.On spring collard of 2007,similarly there were two damage peak periods with the characteristics of large number of larvae,rapid up growth and severe damage in 1^stdamage peak period.In the 1^stpeak period,the 1-2 instar stages larvae were mostly in the period of March 5^thto 25^th,Consequently,the best control period to P.xylostella(Linne)should be before March 21^th. According to the field test result,P.xylostella(Linne)was very sensitive to most pesticides.Both the control effects amounted to 90%after the application of 1.8%avermectin EC 2000×and one billion PIB/ml ACMNPV 1000×on P.xylostella(Linne).3 The occurrence dynamics and integrated control technique of Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bosiduval in flower cultivation facilities of ChongqingThe investigation on occurrence dynamics of Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bosiduval on Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl revealed that under the condition without natural enemies,the amount of T. cinnabarinus Bosiduval would rise rapidly until environment capability saturated and there was no obvious peak period but peak occurred among every mite stages.Consequently,the best control period to T.cinnabarinus Bosiduval should be before the 2^ndpeak period of egg.On spring Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl of 2007,there was 1 damage peak period of T.cinnabarinus Bosiduval.At the damage peak,the natural enemy Scolothrips takashii Priesner occurred.After 2 peak periods of S. takashii Priesner,the quantity of mites dropped rapidly to 1.3 per 100 leaves on June 3^th.It can be concluded that there was a significant control effect of the natural enemy S.takashii Priesner on T. cinnabarinus Bosiduval.According to the field test,the control effect of pesticides with high efficiency and low poison on T.cinnabarinus Bosiduval accounted for 99%.4 The occurrence dynamics and integrated control technique of Aphids gossypii Glover in flower cultivation facilities of ChongqingThe investigation on occurrence dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glover on Brassica oleracea var acephala V D.C.revealed that in winter collard of 2006 there were 3 damage peak periods of.4. gossypii Glover which were not very severe according to the number of total aphids.Consequently, aphids could be frequently controlled when in the 1^stpeak stages in order to reduce the number of aphids in the 2^ndpeak.On spring collard of 2007,there was 1 damage peak period when aphids were quite severe according to the number of aphids.In this peak period,the amount of aphids per 100 leaves rose slowly from April 14^thto 24^th,rose rapidly from April 24^thto May 5^th,and rose suddenly from May 10^thto 15^th.Consequently,the best control period to A.gossypii Glover should be in the period from April 24^thto May 5^th.According to the field test,the effect of pesticides with high efficiency and low poison on A.gossypii Glover amounted to 99%and the control effect accounted for 99.89%after 1d treatment of matrine.nicotine FU.5 The occurrence dynamics and integrated control technique of damping-off disease in flower cultivation facilities of ChongqingIn November 2007,there were two occurrence periods of damping-off disease on Celosia cristata L.and the 2^ndperiod was worse than the 1^stone.When the average relative humidity was 85.5%with a temperature from 19℃to 34℃,the rate of diseased plants was 0.5%to 3.2%while under the condition of a temperature from 16℃to 17.8℃,the average rate of diseased plants was 6.3%and when the temperature was over 34℃or higher,no diseased plants were observed.After cultivation,isolation and purification,the pathogenic fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia sp.The control effect of 6 popular fungicides with the dosage 2.05 L/m² on the root of C.cristata L. amounted to above 69.2%after 12d-treatment and there was no phyto-toxicity.