Observation And Research On Chromosome Karyotype And Flower Bud Differentiation And Phenology Of Vaccinium

Vaccinium L.,Ericaceae,the genus vaccinium spp,is a perennial defoliate or ever-green shrub. It abroading,are found in north American,distribute the Northern Hemisphere,Antartic beach of American city and Southeast of Canada are discovered.,and have more than 400 planting breeds. Vaccinium is distribute in the eastern,middle,southern,southwest and Northeast areas in China, appearing much on Knap and the areas of elevation 400-1400 metre.The fruit is blue-purple, sarcocarp is slender-greasy,grem is very small,the sapor is moderation and possess amenity fragrance.There peculiarly have blueberry anthocyanin which in their's fruit possess efficacy of improve eyesight,resist decrepitude and prevent cancer.It in praised "functionality and health protection berry in 21th century"and "queen of fruitage",also ranked the one of five healthy eatable about human being by International Food and Agricultural Organization(FAO).The Vatiety of planting of Vaccinium have three:high-tuft Vaccinium,low-tuft Vaccinium and rabbit-eye Vaccinium in there,the high-tuft sorts the highnorth,highsouth and half-high Vaccinium.The low-tuft Vaccinium and half-high are fitting for planted in cold areas in temperate zone;The highnorth and some of half-high Vaccinium are fitting for grown in warm-temperate zone,And the rabbit-eye and highsouth Vaccinium are in order planting in Semi-tropical.On account of Vaccinium are found in north American,and there are have a large number of wildness varieties in northeast of China,if we wondering have they to planting in southwest of our country,it is fitting for its soil condition,but it is very important to Observation and research on flower bud Differentiation and phenology of Vaccinium.Vaccinium of which leading into Chongqing cultivates'12 varieties,Three of 12 varieties representation is in order.Theirs florescence and outcome are continuum and stabilization about 5 years.As a result of this,in this experiment,we made comparation to this three breeds in chromosome and its Kayrotype analysis;and then comparation with this three breed in Observation and research on flower bud Differentiation and phenology of Vaccinium.1,In this experiment,observation and researches on Vaccinium's chromosome and Kayrotype analysis.Besides,the researches on chromosome Kayrotype analysis of the three blueberry and comparison of Kayrotype.Affirm combining with the form characteristic,can affirm the NO 1 is bluecrop,the NO 2 is darrowi,the NO 3 is gardenblue.The NO 1 results showed that the number of chromosome of NO.1 is 2n=4x=48=40m+8sm;The karyotype of NO.1 belongs to '2B' type.The total length of chromosome groups is 387.4μm,the total length of long arms is 231.1μm,and the AS.K%is 59.65%.The NO 2 showed that the number of chromosome is 2n=2x=24=14m+6sm +2st+2T;The karyotype of NO 2 chromosome belongs to '2B' type.The total length of chromosome groups is 206.1μm,the total length of long arms is 131.3μm,and the AS.K%is 63.71%.The NO 3 showed that the number of chromosome is 2n=6x=72=46m+16sm+2st+2t+6T;The karyotype of NO.3 chromosome belongs to '2C' type.The total length of chromosome groups is 183μm,the total length of long arms is 113.63μm,and the AS.K%is 62.09%.2,In the other experiment,Observation and research on flower bud Differentiation period mainly divides into:(1)bluecrop:①germinate period:the second ten days of January to the first ten days of February;②leaf opening period:the first ten days of February to the first ten days of March;③New treetop vegetal and florescence:the middle ten days of March to the first ten days of April;④result period:the middle ten days of April to the first ten days of June;⑤flower bud differertiation time:the last ten days of June to the last ten days of September;⑥Fallen leaf dormant period:the last ten days of Noverber to the first ten days of next January.(2)darrowi:①germinate period:the last ten days of January to the middle ten days of February;②leaf opening period:the middle ten days of February to the middle ten days of March;③New treetop vegetal and florescence:the middle ten days of March to the middle ten days of April;④result period:the last ten days of April to the middle ten days of June;⑤flower bud differertiation time:the first ten days of July to the first ten days of Octorber;⑥Fallen leaf dormant period:the last ten days of Noverber to the middle ten days of next January.(3)Gardenblue:①germinate period:the first ten days of February to the first ten days of February; ②leaf opening period:the first ten days of March to the first ten days of April;③New treetop vegetal and florescence:the first ten days of April to the last ten days of April;④result period:the first ten days of May to the last ten days of July;⑤flower bud differertiation time:the first ten days of August to the last ten days of Octorber;⑥Fallen leaf dormant period:Hibernate of green-body.3,In another experiment,Observation and research on flower bud Differentiation period mainly divides into:(1)bluecrop:①Pedicel differentiation time:the last ten days of June to the first ten days of July;②Sepal differentiation time:the last ten days of June to the middle ten days of July;③Corolla differentiation time:the middle ten days of July to the last ten days of July;④Stamen differentiation time:the first ten days of August to the last ten days of August;⑤Pistil differentiation time:the first ten days of August to the first ten days of September;⑥Ovule differentiation time:the first ten days of September to the last ten days of September(2)darrowi:①Pedicel differentiation time:the first ten days of July to the last ten days of July;②Sepal differentiation time:the middle ten days of July to the first ten days of August;③Corolla differentiation time:the last ten days of July to the middle ten days of August;④Stamen differentiation time:the first ten days of August to the last ten days of August;⑤Pistil differentiation time:the middle ten days of August to the first ten days of September;⑥Ovule differentiation time:the first ten days of September to the first ten days of Octorber.(3)Gardenblue:①Pedicel differentiation time:the first ten days of August to the last ten days of August;②Sepal differentiation time:the middle ten days of August to the middle ten days of September;③Corolla differentiation time:the last ten days of August to the middle ten days of September;④Stamen differentiation time:the first ten days of September to the last ten days of September;⑤Pistil differentiation time:the middle ten days of September to the first ten days of Octorber;⑥Ovule differentiation time:the last ten days of September to the last ten days of Octorber.