Study Of The Variable Rule Of Ecological Environment And Plant Industry Character

In the paper, the allelopathy of leaves, roots and the rhizosphere soil of Cinnamomum camphora L. on three vegetables (Raphanus sativus L., Amaranthus mangosfanus L. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.) were studied by using the biological examination, and then the change of soil physicochemical properties, microclimate and the plant growth in compound ecosystem of Cinnamomum camphora L. and three vegetables Gynura bicolor D.C, Eruca sativa L., Brassica juncea (L.) var. foliosa Bailey were investigated to research the feasibility of developing forest-vegetable compound ecosystem. Results showed as follows:①The water extracts of leaves, roots and rhizosphere soil of Cinnamomum camphora L. have allelopathy effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of radish, amaranth and capsella and different vegetables have different responses on the allelopathy of Cinnamomum camphora L.. Meanwhile, allelopathy effect increased with increasing the concentration of each extract, which order is: leaves>root>rhizosphere soil. However, low concentration of rhizosphere soil extract can improve plant growth, but high restrict. Therefore, developing forest-vegetable compound system is feasibility through reasonable agricultural measurement and scientific management.②The change of soil physicochemical properties in the forest-vegetable system coupling process is very obvious. The result indicated that the reasonable canopy density forest compounded appropriate vegetables can reduce the soil bulk specific gravity and leaching loss, and maintain and increase the content of organic matter and availability of nutrient in the soil. Moreover, the reasonable management of forest-vegetable compound system can reduce the soil pH value to advantageous range for growth and development of crops, and effectively regulate the soil TDS content to achieve the dynamical equilibrium.③The forest-vegetable coupling ecological system can reduce the difference of day-night temperature and the soil moisture evaporation and the vegetable transpiration, and increase the atmospheric humidity and the CO2 efficiency of fixation and transformation. The biomasses of vegetables in the forest-vegetable system have a high affinity with the canopy density of forest. The low canopy density can significantly increase vegetables photosynthesis compared to the control. Meanwhile, the total efficiency of photosynthesis in the reasonable disposed compound ecosystem is higher than the control (non-forest) and the economic outputs are also significantly high. The change of soil temperature is small and there is a quite stable microclimate under the forest because the influence of the light and other climatic conditions on soil reduced.④The forest-vegetable coupling system had a significantly effect on some physicochemical characteristic of vegetables. The contents of the chloroplast pigment, soluble sugar and soluble protein in the vegetables present the regular changes, but the relative of Gynura bicolor D.C is different with other two kinds of vegetables. Gynura bicolor D.C displayed shade-resistant, possibly due to its specifically physiological structures, which should be deeply studied for us.⑤Vegetables' height, leaf area, fresh weight and outputs have remarkable difference compared to the control. In the initial period of vegetables growth, the high canopy density reduced the air temperature and moisture evaporation, and makes the vegetable growing well. The temperature drops with the time in high canopy density and this environment is suitable for the growth of vegetables. The high of vegetable and leaf area in the low canopy density rapidly grow compared to the control (non-forest). Moreover, outputs of vegetables are highest among the treatments and the control. Therefore, it is very important to select reasonable canopy density forest land and the kinds of compounded vegetables and introduce appropriate agronomy method and pattern of scientific management for optimizing forest-vegetable compound system to achieve the maximization of economic, ecological and social benefits.