| Kiwifruit is an immemorial plant whose leaf fossil was analyzed to have been subsisted for more than 26 million years. Sixty-six kinds of species exist in all over the world, sixty-two of which were distributed in China. China is the original habitat of Kiwifruit, where there are abundant sources. It has been literally historicized for more than two thousand years in China.The nutritive value and officinal hygienically values are high in Kiwifruit. Vitamin C is especially high, which is known as the king of fruitage or the king of Vitamin C. Taken as a rising fruit, Kiwifruit is now the demanded more and more increasingly. Distinctive varieties from many countries are emulatively extended to occupy the sailing market. So the breeding of distinctive new varieties became the key for competition. Schlepping excellent genes, germplasm is the matter basis of breeding new variety and is even more the source of discovering and utilizing gene resources. The research of genetic diversity for germ plasm is a vital segment for germ evaluation, which can provide much important genetic information for resource protection and sound utilization.In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA( RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats( ISSR) analysis were used to detect the genetic differentiation of Kiwifruit varieties from the Centre of Kiwifruit Research and Development, Sichuan Natural Resources Research Institution, to establish an efficient RAPD and ISSR-based genetic diversity detection system. Firstly, RAPD analysis was used to detect the genetic differentiation of 11 Kiwifruit varieties. DNA of varieties was amplified with 15 random primers. Experimental conditions for RAPD system were explored and improved. Genetic distance indexes among varieties were calculated by Nei, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA method. Secondly, ISSR analysis was used to detect the genetic differentiation of 14 Kiwifruit varieties including first part, getting optimized ISSR system experimental condition and validating with the consistency of RAPD classified.The results show:1. Both RAPD and ISSR can be useful markers for the analysis of genetic relationship among Kiwifruits. The result of genetic diversity of Actinidia varieties with RAPD and ISSR as molecular marker shows considerable consistency.2. In analysis of RAPD, the genetic distances were from 0.2054 to 0.5978 among all varieties. The genetic distance between Wu Zhi 6 and 79-3 was the smallest (0.2054), then between Hong Yang-1 and Hong Yang-2 (0.2273). And the genetic distance between Wu Zhi 3 and Chuan Mi 2 is the biggest (0.0621). In analysis of ISSR, the genetic distances are from 0.1872 to 0.6215 among all varieties. The genetic distance between Hong Yang-1 and Hong Yang-2 is the smallest (0.1872), then between 79-1 and 79-3 (0.2155). And the genetic distance between Hong Yang-1 and Hai Wode is the biggest (0.6215).3. The phylogenetic tree of 11 Kiwifruit varieties was constructed by UPGMA method. 79-3 and Wu Zhi 6, 79-1 and Wu Zhi 5, Hong Yang-1 and Hong Yang-2 were closely related to each other. All of the varieties could be classified to two kinds, Chuan Mi 1 and Chuan Mi 2 were belonged to one kind, left varieties were belonged to other kind. The phylogenetic tree of 14 Kiwifruit varieties was constructed by UPGMA method. Hong Yang-1 and Hong Yang-2, 79-3 and 79-1, Wu Zhi 5and Wu Zhi 6, were closely related to each other. All of the varieties could be classified to three kinds, Hong Mei was belonged to one kind separately, Chuan Mi 1 and Chuan Mi 2 were belonged to second kind, left varieties were belonged to third kind.4. The genetic distance of Actinidia varieties was related with their distribution, and some of them distribution closely could get together.
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