Study Detoxifier Effectiveness Of Several Additives On Broilers Fed Mold Contaminated Feed

The experiments were conducted to study the effect of soybean isoflavone, bentoniteand glucomannan on growth performance, antioxidative capability, immune function, theseverity of lesions in the livers and skeleton growth of broilers feeding a blend of grainsnaturally contaminated with mycotoxins, and then to evaluate the protective efficacy ofsoybean isoflavone, bentonite and glucomannan in the prevention of toxic effects ofmycotoxins. 300 8-day-old Avian broiler chickens were randomly allotted into 10treament groups 5 replicates of 6 each from days 1 to 42 for a two-phase trial (2-4w,5-7w). The 10 dietary treatments consisted of: (1) control 1, basal diet containinguncontaminated maize; (2) control 2, 10% mycotoxins contaminated maize; (3) group 1,10% mycotoxins contaminated maize plus 100mg/kg soybean isoflavones; (4) group 2,10% mycotoxins contaminated maize plus 200mg/kg soybean isoflavones; (5) group 3,10% mycotoxins contaminated maize plus 0.05% glucomannan; (6) group 4, 10%mycotoxins contaminated maize plus 0.05% bentonite; (7) group 5, 10% mycotoxinscontaminated maize plus 0.025% bentonite plus 0.025% glucomannan; (8) group 6, 10%mycotoxins contaminated maize plus 100mg/kg soybean isoflavones plus 0.025%glucomannan; (9) group 7, 10% mycotoxins contaminated maize plus 100mg/kg soybeanisoflavones plus 0.025% bentonite; (10) group 8, 10% mycotoxins contaminated maizeplus 100mg/kg soybean isoflavones plus 0.025% glucomannan plus 0.025% bentonite.Chickens were monitored daily and then body weight and feed consumption wererecorded at 1, 21, 42 days of experiment. On the first day of trial and last day of everyphase, 2 broiler chickens from each replicate were taken out randomly, jugularbloodletting then slaughtered, blood samples were collected to determine physiologicalbiochemical parameters and immune indexes. The results showed as follows:The growth performance: There was different effect of three additives on growthperformance of broiler in the two phase. From the whole rearing period, the addition ofsoybean isoflavone, bentonite and glucomannan diets all significantly (P＜0.05) increasedaverage daily gain (ADG) compared to the diet containing 10% mycotoxins contaminatedmaize, among the results, group 1 and group 2 both gave the best results and increased by13.54%, 15.21% compared to control 2, respectively. However, ADG of all treamentgroups were lower than that with basal diet. Moreover, ADG was significantly (P＜0.05)different between group 3 or group 4 and basal diet. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) inall treament groups were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than 10% mycotoxinscontaminated maize diet except group 3, 4 and significantly (P＜0.05) lower than basal diet except group 2. The addition of three additives to mycotoxins contaminated diets alldecreased feed/gain ratio and then showed no significantly differences in compasion tobasal diet group. However, no significant difference was observed between group 3 orgroup 4 or group 5 and control 2. Moreover, feed/gain ratio in group 2 was lowest incomparison among the dietary treated groups.The slaughter performance: Through out the whole experiment, the addition of threeadditives diets showed more significantly effect on tibia rate whereas there was littleeffect on other parameters. The addition of 200mg/kg soybean isoflavones diet increasedtibia rate, however, tibia rate was decreased when broiler chickens were fed 0.05%bentonite diet.The antioxidative capability: There was different effect on GSH-PX, SOD and MDAin serum and liver of broiler chickens. Compared to control 1, GSH-PX and SOD activityin serum and liver were significantly (P＜0.05) decreased when broiler chickens were fed10% mycotoxins contaminated maize diet while MDA concentration in serum and liverwere significantly (P＜0.05) increased except GSH-PX in serum. Compared with control 2,the addition of soybean isoflavones significantly (P＜0.05) increased GSH-PX and SODactivity, and meanwhile significantly (P＜0.05) decreased MDA concentration in serumand liver of broiler chickens, whereas there was no significant differences compared tocontrol 1. In comparison to control 2, GSH-PX, SOD and MDA in serum and liver withthe addition of bentonite and glucomannan diet did not showed significant differences.Furthermore, no significant synergy among soybean isoflavone, bentonite andglucomannan was found.Liver damage: There were different effect on AST, ALT, AKP and LDH in serum ofbroiler chickens among all dietary treated groups. Serum AST, ALT, AKP and LDH whenthe broilers consuming mycotoxins contaminated diet were significant (P＜0.05) higherthan basal diet. The addition of soybean isoflavones significantly (P＜0.05) decreased AST,ALT, AKP and LDH in serum of broiler chickens compared with control 2. Meanwhile,serum AST and AKP activity were also decreased remarkably with the addition ofbentonite and glucomannan diet (P＜0.05). Through out the whole experiment, Comparedwith control 1, mycotoxins contaminated diet decreased serum total protein, albuminremarkably (P＜0.05). Serum total protein, albumin were also increased when soybeanisoflavones were added into dietary in comparison to control 2 (P＜0.05), moreover, theaddition of 100mg/kg soybean isoflavones diet gave the best result. Compared to control2, when the broilers were fed diets supplemented bentonite and glucomannan, serum total protein, albumi showed a trend of increase, however, there was no significant differences(P＞0.05).The immune function: There was no significant effect on IgM, relative weights ofspleen, thymus and bursa among all dietary treated groups. No significant effect on serumIgG was also found among all dietary treated groups in the first phase. Just serum IgA ingroup 2 or group 3 or group 6 or group 8 was significant (P＜0.05) higher than control 2,furthermore, there was no significant differences compared to control 1. Eexpect group 4,diets of all treated groups increased serum IgA compared to control 2 in the second phase(P＜0.05).The mineral element in tibia: There was different effect on Ca, P and Zn in tibiawhile no significant effect on Fe and Cu was found among all dietary treated groups.Compared with control 1, group 1 and group 2, the addition of bentonite significant(P＜0.05) decreased Ca and P in tibia. In comparison among all experimental groups, nosignificant differences were found in group 3, what's more, group 2 gave the best result.Tibia Zn in group 1 and group 2 was highest and showed significantly (P＜0.05) highercompared to group 4, however, there was no significant diffences between groups.The physiological biochemical parameters in serum: There was no significant effecton T₃, T₄ and uric acid in serum among all dietary treated groups.In conclusion, these results suggest that the addition of soybean isoflavonessignificantly diminished effects of mycotoxins on growth performance, the severity oflesions in the livers and antioxidant capability in Avian broilers. Average daily gain (ADG)of broiler chickens was improved with the addition of bentonite to mycotoxinscontaminated diet whereas Ca and P contents in tibia were significantly decreased. Theaddition of glucomannan significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) of broilerchickens, moreover, there was no harmful effects on tibia development.