| This article has established IFA for the Detection of DSHDV in Paraffin-embedded Tissues & Frozen Section. The series studies has applied in detecting the infection characteristics of virus in Ducks. Attains following result:1 A comparative study for DSHDV detection in Paraffin-embedded tissues and frozen section by IFADSHDV was purified by differential centrifugation and rabbit anti-DSHDV antibodies were obtained from rabbits be vaccinated with purified viruses. Then the rabbit anti-DSHDV IgG were purified through High-Q chromotography. IFA was established and used to detect DSHDV antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues of 28-day-old death ducks which experimentally infected with DSHDV. The results were positive in dead ducks infected with DSHDV and negative in dead ducks infected with Duck Plague Virus,Avian influenza virus (H5N1),Duck viral hepatitis virus and Riemerella Anatipestifer. IFA was also applied in detection of the DSHDV antigen in different organs of artificially infected dead 28 old days ducks, and the antigen was detected in the heart,liver,spleen,pancreas,lung,kidney,bursa of fabricius,esophagus,trachea,muscle,thymus,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum and rectum. The establishment of IFA to the detection DSHDV in paraffin-embedded tissues had good specificity, can be applied in diagnosing and studying the distribution of the DSHDV in duck tissues. IFA was also applied in detection of the DSHDV antigen in Frozen Section of artificially infected dead 28 old days ducks, and the viral antigen was detected in the heart,liver,spleen,pancreas,lung,kidney,bursa of fabricius,esophagus,trachea,muscle,thymus,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,harderian gland and rectum. IFA to the detection DSHDV in Frozen Section's sensitivity is higher than in the paraffin-embedded tissues can be applied in clinical diagnosing.2 The study of the Infection Characteristics of DSHDV in Ducks2.1 The law of development of clinicopathologic by DSHDV infected28-day-old beijing ducks which experimentally infected with DSHDV by inject,oral,intranasally. The infected ducks Symptom: Initial period ducks spirit strongly fragrant, not willing to take a walk, Along with course of an illness aggravating, Lies does not get up, anorexia, feather disorderly, some ducks flows tears of blood, nose flows blood secretion (90%). Starts to appear characteristic value symptom: swollen head (100%), conjunctiva hyperaemia or hemorrage, diarrhea with green dejecta even blood excrement. Observations of pathology transformations: Heart crown fat had hemorrhages, frozen type secretion fluid from Subcutaneous (80%). Thymus haemorrhage and the surface and the section had necrosis spots (70%). Yellow and swollen liver with haemorrhage (85%). Heart had yellow accumulates fluid (50%). kidney diffused bleeds. Trachea ring bleeding sees in intranasally (70%). Bursa of fabricius had bleeding. Esophagus diffused hemorrhage forms the strip shape hemorrhage sees in oral. Cloaca mucosal bleed, later ecrosis. Splenomegaly pesents duck blank, above had massive white necrosis stove (50%).2.2 The Infection Characteristics of DSHDV in Ducks2.2.1 The Infection Characteristics in inject groupDSHDV can be detected from kidney 90mpi by injected; DSHDV can be detedted from all tissues excepte for skin,brain,trachea,harderian gland and proventriculus at 6dpi, This time section also is the virus achieves the distribution peak time. from the different time detection situation we can see the distribution rate of inject inoculation beteen 12h～6dpi.2.2.2 The Infection Characteristics in oral groupDSHDV infected by orally, kidney,Intestines,bursa of fabricius,thymus had strong positive, lung,heart had weak positive. Infection intermediate stage, most of tissues were detected positive, in among kidney and intestines had strengthens positive, spleen,muscle,trachea begins detected positive. During the whole process harderian gland,brain,skin and proventriculus were negative.2.2.3 The Infection Characteristics in intranasal groupDSHDV can be detected from kidney in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells 4hpi; DSHDV can be detedted from liver, kidney, duodenum, ileum 12hpi; DSHDV can't be detected only in brain,proventriculus,skin and harderian gland 3dpi. So the the virus achieves the distribution peak time of intranasally inoculation beteen 24h～6dpi. from the different time detection situation we can see the distribution rate of intranasally inoculation beteen 3d～6dpi.In summary, The duck embryo is good host platform which DSHDV multiplies, Used establishment of IFA for the Detection distributed rule of DSHDV in Paraffin-embedded Tissues & Frozen Section: IFA was detected of the DSHDV antigen in Paraffin-embedded Tissues & Frozen Section of artificially infected dead 28 old days ducks, and the viral antigen was detected in the heart,liver,spleen,pancreas,lung,kidney,bursa of fabricius,esophagus,trachea,muscle,thymus,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,harderian gland and rectum. brain,skin and proventriculus are negative. DSHDV mainly located in the cytoplasm of myocardial fibroblasts, sinus hepaticus in liver, cytoplasm of centroacinar cells in pancreas, cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells in kidney, cytoplasm of epidermic cell of bursa cloacalis, cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells in duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum and rectum. The target organ that DSHDV mainly attacked were intestines,kidney,bursa of fabricius and thymus.
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