Dynamic Of Growth And Development, Obsorption, Accumulation And Allocation Of Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium In Jerusalem Artichoke

Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) is the processed sugar crop in the optimum developed velocity at the present time. To master the growth and development and the regular pattern of nutrient element imbibition and allocation of J.A., the research accessed density, amount of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen for seed and nitrogen after applied as five factors to design experiment with three levels, which studied the growth and development of stem, leaves, stolons and tubers, accumulated dynamic state of corresponding photosynthetic performance index alteration, and the accumulation and allocation rule of dry matters in whole plant and the imbibition and allocation rule of nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium, the research studied the effect of different density and fertilizer application treatment on growth and development, drymatters accumulation and allocation of J.A. The study offered scientific foundation for adopting optimum planting technique and breeding quality variety. The results showed:(1) In the state of medium optimization association, the total leaves of J.A. presented singlent and coincided cubic curve, leaves on main stem and side branch changed with singlet curve. The peak value of plant height and stem diameter were in the phase of tuber enlarge rapidly; the change of stolons agreed conic, both the stolon rate and their total volume presented"s"shape curve. The change of tubers enlargement rate was singlet; the chlorophyll content changed by double- hump, the alteration LAI and LAD coincide singlet curve. NAR presented"saddle"shape curve; dry matters accumulations of each organa and whole plant all changed by"s"shape, accumulated rate presented singlet curve. (2) At the prophase of high density, stems and leaves growed rapidly, photosynthetic performance index was high,more tubers, stolons and dry matters formed, and the formed rate was fast, but at the later phase, sterms and leaves recessed ahead of time, photosynthetic performance index slowed down rapidly, the number of large and middle stolons occupied minority, little dry matters accumulated and the rate was slow, but there was more tube allocation; under low density, increment of stems and leaves was larger, and there were low photosynthetic performance index, and little stolons and tubers, accumulated rapidly, however, the tubers lowly allocated.(3) Hyper-Kalium can accelerated development of stems and leaves, inhibited tubers formation in early stage, promote obviously enlargement of tubers; the content of chlorophyll was higer than NAR, LAI and LAD were lower in earlier stage, higher in anaphase; the total dry matters accumulations were more and the rate was speedy, tubers distribution rates was high.(4) Hyper-phosphorus accelerated development of stems and leaves in earlier stage. More stolons formed early, it also can promote tubers enlargement, more dry matters accumulated and the rate was speedy, and there were high distribution ratesrates and photosynthetic performance index, leaves recessed at anaphase. Other index measured were all opposite to the index in early stage.(5) The effect of nitrogen on stems and leaves of J.A. were maximum, there were little increment of tubers and leaves without nitrogen, but under hyper-nitrogen, sterms and leaves growed very heavy, contrast to population without nitrogen, stolon and tubers were no significant of hyper-nitrogen population in early stage, but in anaphase, the number of tubers and their volume increased rapidly, the allocation from dry matters to tubers delayed and the distribution rates were low, the chlorophyll content ,LAI and NAR were higher in anaphase, LAD reached peak value after tubers formed, more dry matters accumulated at anaphase, the rate reached hump in advance.(6) The concentration of nutrient elements in each organo of J.A. presented falling trend ;the rate of nutrient element imbibition all changed by double-humped curve; the total accumulations was N>K>P, before tubers formed, the nutrient elements mainly stored in stems and leaves, during tubers formed to tubers enlarged, nutrient elements allocations in leaves reduced , allocation of tubers increased persistently, and the variation of phosphorus and kalium presented singlet curve; after tubers enlarged, nutrient elements allocation in stems and leaves slowed down, allocations of tubers increased rapidly rapidly.