Selecting Of Varieties Of Cotton With High Quality And Yield And Studying On Corresponding Planting Techniques At Hexi Corridor In Gansu Province

The cotton production area in Gansu province mainly distributes in Dunhuang, Anxi,Jinta, Yumen, Gaotai, Lingze and Mingqing counties of Hexi corridor where sunshine isabundant. The cotton planting area was already up to 60,000 hm~2,which takes 95% of thetotal cotton area of all province. However, some new problems appeared together with thecontinuous extending of cotton production scale, such as the species"many disorderlymiscellaneous", the scale of intensivism in cultivation is not high enough, the balance offertilizing and technique application is not developed, which hinder the persisting andeffective development of cotton production. The basis of the study mainly focuses on bettervarieties selecting and corresponding techniques application, with the industry exploitationfor object, by combining the varieties selecting and application techniques together,developing the introduce ,selection and comprehensive techniques of new varietiesdepartment, providing the scientific and technical for our province sustainable developmentin cotton production. Through three years research at 2003-2005, drawing the mainconclusion as follows:1. New strain L9916 with high tolerance of Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt has beenselected by introduction and screening in fields. Fusarium wilt rate by splitting poles methodsis as less as 3.2% during harvesting, the condition index 1.3, by same methods, Verticilliumwilt rate 49.7%, condition index 23.85. Average yields of cotton with seeds per Mu is 288.5kg,decreasing 4.1% than CK Jiumian No.1, average yield of cotton without seeds per Mu is114.5kg, increasing 4.2% than CK, Specific tenacity 25.ScN/tex, the wheat clone value 3.9.This strain is suitable west Dunhuang, Anxi Counties where Fusarium wilt and Verticilliummixed in cotton fields under the drip irrigation pattern.2.Varieties 1020,1040,1162,1570,1600,121,1025,2012-1,1120,1152,WS-4,1025-1,420-1,714,652,and Jiumian No.1 are involved into selecting experiment of tolerance Fusarium wilt.The results show that: the performances of 1020 and 1162 are good, their index of flowerbefore the frost, index of diseases, hair length, vesture and bell-heavy is 93.0%,17.1,30.3mm,43.8%,7.3g and 90.7%,1.1,30.0 mm,41.7%,9g respectively, the yields is more than 179.8kg/Mu and 179.Skg/Mu.Varieties 393,125-1,297, 1020, 274, L10, 1570, 2012-1, medium36, Z-3376, 03326,1162, 1040,1600, Jiumian No.1, L9916 are involved into selecting experiment of oleranceVerticillium wilt. According analysis tO the illegibility mathematics synthesize appraisal,results show that 03326,1600,Z-3376,1570,L10 have better properties ,also belong to betterbreed species.Varieties 2018-1,102-2, Shandong-01,321-2, the Luyan 17, SGK321, B99088, YM-15,Z-42,0104,97-1335-2, Jiumian No.1 are involved into selecting experiment on anti- cottonbell insect. The results show that 0104 has good ability of anti-pest; the index of flower ishigh, the yield of cotton with seeds is stable and cotton yield without seeds is higher than CK,while the fibre length is shorter. So 0104 is adapt to extending plant only the area that cottonpest happened heavily in our city.In addition, new varieties of cotton bred by the correlation department (is) B46, 696,990339, 703, 105, L9916, 96-08-23, Zhong8714, JD-3, FL05, FL01, the Jiumian No.1 werealso appraised, about its early maturity speciality, plentiful production character, anti-diseaseability, adaptability etc synthesis performance in the entire province various cotton plantingecology area.3. To the Jiumian No.1 embarked the "Shenzhou No 4" airship and 6903-1, L9916,97-1335, 2-46, 2-9088 induced mutation materials, in without diseases fields, the cottonblights happened naturally garden, the Verticillium wilt garden carried on plant to observe it'sperformance of anti-diseases. The results indicated that, all materials have better ability ofanti- blights; Jiumian No.1, 6903-1 and 2-46 is earlier maturity; 97-1335 and L9916 havemedium maturity; 2-9088's planting period is long; it is not obvious that the variation of mainagronomic characters. By synthesize analysis to the result of the field investigation and theindoor test to grow result analysis, mostly variation does not conform to the breeding goal,often displays disadvantages in certain aspects, discovered especially in five precocious typesvariations line, displays for the fabric length shorten, the gin turnout is lower than the controlexcept 03570-1, at the same time these also must further observe.4.By comparative analysis to different densities experiments, proposes cultivation ofcotton density still by 165,000/hm~2 is suitable, by row spacing and so on 40cm, the 15cmdistance between plants planter pattern, the seed, the ginned cotton output is higher, comparedto thinly plants (124,500 / hm~2) and close planting (240,000/ hm~2) increases production5.9～11.3% and 7.5～14.6%. Through the research to N,P,K allocated proportion and the employment way ,the resultshows that, in the same fertilizer level, applying P,K fertilizer once shows increase productionthan applying at different times, and the high fertilizer level production increase scope isbigger than the low level.Through several kinds to save water the irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation andthe membrane infiltrates to the cotton membrane under differently fills contrast experiment toobtain that, using under the membrane the drip irrigation has the certain increase productioneffect, the cotton with seeds increases 3.4% compared to the control, moreover that canimprove the quality, at the same time, water savage is obvious. In two kinds of membranesinfiltrates fills, the output of infiltrates fills to the conventional irrigation is approach, theoutput of seed and ginned cotton reduce 2.95% and 0.3% separately compared to thecontrol ,but saves water 79.6m~3/Mu compared to the conventional way, and reduced the costinvestment compared with the drip irrigation. So this way has value to extend.5. On the basis of many years experimental study, by variety of self raise whichcombines new variety and technique, such as carrying N,P,K allocated fertilizer, cultivationmanagement, synthesizes preventing and controlling disease and insect, and puts forward ruleof high quality, the high production technique, and establishes cotton production base of thegood quality and the high output.