Study On The Hydro-ecological Function Of Vegetation For Soil And Water Conservation In Sandstone Mountains Area In Middle South Of Shandong Province

In this paper, 57 plots were set up at Tumen Plantation in Xintai and Luohanya Plantation in Taian , the function of water holding of litter layer, characteristics of soil structure, soil moisture, soil infiltration and soil erosion resistance of of vegetation for soil and water conservation in sandstone mountain area in middle south of Shandong Province were analyzed systematically and roundly with the methods of indoor experiments and open country experiments from March to december in 2006. The results of the research were as follows:1. The storage capacity of litter layer, the largest water-holding capacity of litter layer and effective retaining content for rain of the mixed forestlands are better than pure forestlands obviously. In coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, the litter accumulations of Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Quecus Variabilis carr. mixed stand was biggest and that of Playcladus orientalis pure stand was minimum. The biggest water-holding concents and the contents of water retained efficiently of litter of Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Quecus Variabilis carr. mixed standwere highest.The other orderly are Playcladus orientalis pure stand, Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand, Playcladus orientalis & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand, Playcladus orientalis & Acer truncatum Bunge mixed stand, Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand, Pinus thunbergii Parl. pure stand, and that of Playcladus orientalis pure stand was minimum. In arbor and bush mixed forest, the litter accumulations of Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand was biggest and that of Vitex negundo linn. pure stand was minimum. The biggest water-holding concents and the contents of water retained efficiently of litter of Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand were highest.The other orderly are Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand and Playcladus orientalis & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand,and that ofVitex negundo linn. pure stand was minimum. In broad-leaved mixed forest, the litter accumulations of Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand forestland was biggest and that of Pistacia chinensis pure stand was minimum. The biggest water-holding concents and the contents of water retained efficiently of litter of Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were highest.The other orderly were Quecus Variabilis carr. pure stand,Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn pure stand, Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand,Quecus Variabilis carr. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand, and that of Pistacia chinensis pure stand was minimum.2. The soil physical properties of the forestlands are better than barren slope obviously. The soil physical properties of 0~20 cm soil layer were better than that of 20~40 cm soil layer obviously in forestlands. The soil physical properties of 0~20 cm soil layer had close correlativity with litter accumulations. In 0~20 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, the soil physical properties of Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were best and that of Playcladus orientalis pure stand was minimum. In 20~40 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest , the soil physical properties of Playcladus orientalis & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were best and that of Playcladus orientalis pure stand was minimum. In 0~20 cm soil layer of arbor and bush mixed forest , the soil physical properties of Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand were best and that of Playcladus orientalis pure stand was minimum. In 20~40 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest , the soil physical properties of Playcladus orientalis & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand forestland were best and that of Vitex negundo linn. pure stand was minimum. In 0~20 cm soil layer of arbor and bush mixed forest , the soil physical properties of Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were best and that of Quecus Variabilis carr. pure stand was minimum. In 20~40 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest , the soil physical properties of Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were best and that of Quecus Variabilis carr. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand was minimum.3. The water-holding capacity and permeate ability of the forestlands were both obviously higher than that of barren slope. The water-holding capacity of the forestlands had close correlativity with litter accumulations The soil water-holding contents of the forestlands in rainy season were higher than in dry season. In dry season, the natural soil water-holding contents of the forestlands in 0~20 cm soil layer were lower than in 20~40 cm soil layer. In rainy season, the natural soil water-holding contents of the forestlands in 0~20 cm soil layer were higher than in 20~40 cm soil layer. In spring and autumn , the natural soil water-holding contents of the forestlands in 0~20 cm soil layer were as high as that in 20~40 cm soil layer. In 0~20 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland, the soil water-holding capacity of Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were best, Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand took the second place, and that of Playcladus orientalis pure standwas minimum. In 20~40 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland, the soil water-holding capacity of Playcladus orientalis & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand were best, Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand took the second place, and that of Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed standwas minimum. The sequences of infiltration coefficient of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland were: Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand> Playcladus orientalis pure stand> Playcladus orientalis & Acer truncatum Bunge mixed stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Quecus Variabilis carr. mixed stand> Playcladus orientalis & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. pure stand> Playcladus orientalis pure stand. In 0~20 cm soil layer of arbor and bush mixed forestland, the soil water-holding capacity of Vitex negundo linn. pure stand were best, Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand took the second place, and that ofPlaycladus orientalis pure stand was minimum. In 20~40 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland, the soil water-holding capacity of Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand were best, and Playcladus orientalis & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand took the second place, and that of Playcladus orientalis pure stand forestland was minimum. The sequences of infiltration coefficient of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland were: Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand> Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand> Vitex negundo linn. pure stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. pure stand> Playcladus orientalis & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand> Playcladus orientalis pure stand. In 0~20 cm soil layer of broad-leaved mixed forestland, the soil water-holding capacity of Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand were best, Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn pure stand took the second place, and that of Quecus Variabilis carr. pure stand was minimum. In 20~40 cm soil layer of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland, the soil water-holding capacity of Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn pure stand were best, Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand took the second place, and that of Quecus Variabilis carr. pure stand was minimum. The sequences of infiltration coefficient of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland were: Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn pure stand> Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand> Pistacia chinensis pure stand> Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand> Quecus Variabilis carr. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand> Quecus Variabilis carr. pure stand.4. The soil erosion modules of the forestlands were obviously higher than that of barren slope. The sequences of soil erosion modules of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestland were: Playcladus orientalis pure stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. pure stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand> Playcladus orientalis & Acer truncatum Bunge mixed stand> Playcladus orientalis pure stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Quecus Variabilis carr. mixed stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand> Playcladus orientalis & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand. The sequences of soil erosion modules of arbor and bush mixed forestland were: Vitex negundo linn. pure stand> Playcladus orientalis pure stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. pure stand> Playcladus orientalis & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand> Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand> Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand. The sequences of soil erosion modules of broad-leaved mixed forestland were: Pistacia chinensis pure stand> Quecus Variabilis carr. pure stand> Quecus Variabilis carr. & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand> Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn pure stand> Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand> Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand.5. The results of systematical analysis showed that the soil and water conservation function of Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand (43.865) was best, and that of Pinus thunbergii Parl. pure stand (31.918),Playcladus orientalis pure stand (31.526)and Vitex negundo linn. pure stand (30.704)was minimum.The soil and water conservation function of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was better than the pure conifer forest, and that of the arbor and bush mixed forest was better than the pure bush forest, and that of the broad-leaved mixed forest was better than the pure broad-leaved forest. There are seven mixed foresttypes which are better than pure forests, such as Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand, Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Quecus Variabilis carr. mixed stand, Playcladus orientalis & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand, Acer truncatum Bunge & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand, Pinus thunbergii Parl. & Vitex negundo linn. mixed stand, Quecus Variabilis carr. & Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn mixed stand, Robinia Pseudoacacia Linn & Pistacia chinensis mixed stand .